Participants: Pr. Lyle Albrecht
Series Code: RIN
Program Code: RIN000005
|
01:00 It's time for us to travel, you fasten your seatbelts now.
01:03 This evening, we're going to go to Pompeii. 01:07 We're going to ride the train from the city of Rome 01:12 to the south, down to the Bay of Naples. 01:17 And there, we're going to disembark 01:20 and walk among the ruins of the ancient city of Pompeii. 01:24 It's only barely an outline now, barely to be seen. 01:28 There about 12 miles north, it is. 01:31 The shadow of what's left of Mount Vesuvius. 01:35 In 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius, after giving several warning blasts, 01:43 exploded with a terrific explosion that almost 01:48 instantly darkened the sun. 01:50 Now, there had been sufficient warning. 01:52 For days and days, it had been puffing and blowing, 01:56 and threatening. 01:58 It had, on one occasion prior, sent out such a plume that 02:03 folks decided it was time to "get out of Dodge," 02:06 as the saying goes. 02:08 So, many of them went down to the Bay of Naples, 02:12 got in their boats and pushed off with sufficient supplies 02:17 to last a day or two or more. 02:20 And then the majority of them decided to come back. 02:24 And they paid the price too great. 02:28 In 79 AD, the mountain exploded suddenly, instantly. 02:32 And it buried this city, which we believe to have been about 02:36 25,000-30,000 in population, 02:39 and also the sister city of Herculaneum, 02:42 between 18-22 feet of ash, lapilli, which is a little 02:49 BB like substance, and just dirt and junk. 02:55 The city then, became much like a time capsule. 02:59 It was as if someone had put several things 03:03 inside a container and then put a seal upon 03:07 the lid of the container, and buried it, 03:10 and left it there for hundreds of years. 03:13 Hundreds of years did go by. 03:16 In 1745, a man by the name of Charles of Bourbon 03:21 was digging a canal, from the snow melt of Mount Vesuvius 03:25 to the north, down to the Bay of Naples 03:28 in order that folks could live there on those pure white sand 03:32 beaches and there overlooking the beautiful blue water. 03:36 So they could live there and have fresh water to drink. 03:40 And as he dug, he came to a well. 03:45 And he looked down with a light inside the well. 03:48 And he saw down there, a street and a sidewalk. 03:54 What had obviously happened was that sometime prior, 03:57 who knows how long before, someone had decided 04:00 to look for fresh water by the digging of a well 04:02 and broke through into the burial ground 04:06 of the city of Pompeii. 04:08 But they didn't seem to pay much attention to it. 04:11 Charles of Bourbon, however, put men with torches down inside. 04:16 And then the announcement was made around the world, 04:18 "We have found a buried city. " 04:21 Excavations then began that continue to this very day. 04:26 And it is so fascinating, in that, here we have a whole 04:30 society that was encapsulated almost instantly. 04:34 We're able now, to know how they lived, 04:37 in what style they lived, how their homes were furnished. 04:40 In many cases, what their morals were or were not. 04:44 And did they have pets and what all happened. 04:47 What kind of things did they eat. 04:48 It was all to be discovered when they lifted the lid 04:53 on the city of Pompeii. 04:54 So let's begin to lift the lid tonight, you and I, shall we. 04:59 We're going to walk down some of these streets. 05:01 By the way, I think you can notice here, 05:02 and maybe even better here, yes. 05:05 Here are the pillars. 05:07 And on each of those pillars, there is a number. 05:11 This one happens to be 16. 05:12 And 17 and 18 over on the opposite side. 05:16 In the museum, there is a big book with a number 05:20 that coordinates to this. 05:22 And it tells what kinds of businesses were operated 05:25 on the insides of these buildings. 05:27 And in many cases, it tells what kinds, the names rather, 05:31 of the folks who owned and operated the business. 05:34 And we're going to see the evidence of all of that 05:36 in just a little bit. 05:37 For your interest sake, this is akin to going to 05:43 the Columbia Center Mall. 05:45 There's a good illustration. 05:46 This is the mall of the ancient city of Pompeii. 05:51 I want you to notice this street. 05:54 This is main street. 05:55 And the other street that we just looked at, 05:57 well maybe we'll back up one. 05:59 Here you see that we have my buddy standing with one foot 06:03 on one side of the sidewalk and then his other 06:06 foot is on the rock. 06:07 And from here, I'll have you notice two or three 06:09 other things, if I may. 06:11 Firstly, I want you to notice again over and around 06:14 these pillars, look over here to the extreme left. 06:16 Here's the best way to see it. Right there. 06:19 Between the two pillars, there is a niche. 06:21 There is a groove carved in the stone. 06:24 That, ladies and gentlemen, is where the doors, 06:28 the sliding doors slid in the groove. 06:31 They were opened in the morning and slid shut at night. 06:35 And so, in our patio's still today, we have sliding doors. 06:39 They let us outside of our master bedrooms. 06:42 Sliding doors originated here in and around Pompeii. 06:46 And certainly from the Roman world. 06:47 And then you'll notice another thing or two. 06:50 You see the street that is lower than the sidewalk. 06:55 And there's a curb that separate it. 06:57 And that was for the purpose of safety and cleanliness. 07:01 You didn't want the folks walking down in the streets 07:04 where there were horses and oxen and wagons, 07:08 and that sort of thing. 07:09 And not only that, you didn't want them walking down there 07:14 where the horses and donkeys had been. 07:16 You get the idea, don't ya. 07:19 For reasons of sanitation, and for reasons of safety, 07:22 the street separated from the sidewalk. 07:25 Well, that leaves us then wondering about that stone. 07:29 This is the reason for the stone. 07:31 In every street, the narrower ones need only one, 07:34 but main street, as we noted and shall again, required three. 07:40 It gets, in the summer time here, very hot. 07:44 But quite unusually, the heat here is not like that 07:52 which you would find in Florida where there's a lot of humidity. 07:57 Or down on the Gulf Coast. 08:00 There's, in fact, very little humidity here. 08:02 High temperatures, but very little humidity. 08:05 Sort of like a desert, an arid sort of a feeling, to the air. 08:10 Therefore then, in the summer time, they would, 08:13 from the aqueducts, open the gates and bring in fresh water, 08:17 and fill the streets with water up to near the top of the curb. 08:22 And when the afternoon and evening breezes blew, 08:25 it would blow across the water in the streets. 08:28 And air condition the city in the same way that a 08:32 swamp cooler works here in our areas. 08:34 Fascinating. 08:36 And so on main street, it took three of those steps 08:38 to get across from one side to the other. 08:41 Notice something else too. 08:42 You see the deep ruts here that have been carved over the 08:46 centuries as the result of the turnings of the wagon wheels. 08:51 Most remarkable. 08:52 There's much more to see. 08:54 We're going back now, down the streets in the shopping area 08:58 and the areas of government, and we're going to spend some time. 09:01 And notice what kind of businesses were conducted here. 09:05 And in some cases, even the family members 09:07 who conducted the business. 09:11 National Geographic magazine, only just a few months ago, 09:15 did a special on these two cities, Pompeii and Herculaneum. 09:21 And, as I mentioned at the outset, the excavations 09:24 continue to this very day. 09:26 And they made some discoveries that were unknown since, 09:31 you know, the 18th century when the excavations began. 09:36 And among those discoveries, it was learned that is was 09:41 the position, often, of the man who was running for Mayor, 09:45 or maybe for Governor of the county, that's the way we'd 09:48 say it in our comparisons today, he would make this promise, 09:51 "If you vote for me this November, I promise to put 09:55 on your street corner, a fountain. 09:58 So that you don't have to walk a long ways to the canal 10:01 to get your water to bring home. " 10:03 And so now, on nearly every street corner, 10:06 there is the remains, or in this case, 10:10 the completeness of a fountain. 10:12 And you'll notice something interesting about this one. 10:15 The figure has a mouth. 10:18 It's the figure, by the way, of an Italian boy. 10:20 And the water comes out of his mouth and fills this cistern. 10:24 And if you lived even in the poor section of town, 10:28 or the middle class section, you need not go far. 10:31 Nearly every corner had one of these. 10:33 In this case, when it filled the cistern to overflowing, 10:37 the overflow would run out this little niche, 10:39 back down into the streets that were filled with water. 10:44 The wealthy folks had indoor plumbing, as we're going to see 10:48 just a little bit from now. 10:51 And so, we're going to stop, first of all you and I, 10:54 at the Curia. 10:55 The sign says "Curia". 10:57 That is the Latin word for the Senate. 11:01 During the bad weather in Rome, the Caesar would come down 11:05 to the Bay area to spend a few weeks, or perhaps 11:08 even months here in the warmth of the beautiful sun 11:12 and enjoying the blue waters off of the Bay of Naples. 11:16 When he would come down here, he would bring with him 11:19 many of his law makers. 11:20 Today we call them the Cabinet, and some of the 11:23 main Senators, you see. 11:25 And here in this Curia, the Senate, they would make laws, 11:29 pass laws, vote laws, that would have an effect throughout the 11:32 whole of the known world. 11:34 Because, as we studied our first night together here, 11:37 Rome for many, many, many years was in charge 11:40 of much of the civilized world. 11:44 Certainly the west. Alright. 11:46 Now as we move on down the street, 11:48 we come to a little shop. 11:50 It says, "Bottega del frutti venditore Felix. " 11:54 This was a fruit and vegetable stand. 11:57 A farmers market. 11:58 That would be the nearest thing that we know 12:01 to the reality here. 12:03 And furthermore, we know the name of the man 12:06 who operated the place. 12:08 His name was Felix. 12:09 Now how did they know? 12:11 How did they make these discoveries? 12:12 How could they be sure? 12:14 Two ways. 12:17 There were clay records, records that became in stone. 12:24 Written upon clay, clay tablets. 12:26 And then over the centuries, it turned hard as stone. 12:29 And records of purchases and sales, 12:33 and records of the family names were to be found 12:36 in and on those clay tablets. 12:38 But perhaps even more importantly, 12:41 in the excavations, they would often come to a cavity. 12:46 And at the outset, they were just breaking in 12:48 and paying little attention. 12:49 But some scientists said, "We're making a mistake here. 12:52 When we come to these cavities, these hollows, 12:55 instead of just smashing in, we're going to carefully, 12:59 into this bubble, make a little hole. 13:01 About the size of a pencil. 13:02 And then through that hole, we're going to slip 13:05 a rubber tube. 13:06 And through the rubber tube, we're going to pump 13:09 a very liquid plaster of paris like substance. 13:13 Wait until it hardens and solidifies, and then chip away 13:16 the ash and the lapilli, and see what we find. " 13:20 So, in cases as in this shop, they found melons. 13:25 They found tomatoes, and they found bell peppers. 13:29 And that's how we know then, by the records on clay tablets 13:33 and by the evidence of the excavations 13:36 of those little hollows, what kind of business 13:38 was operated here. 13:40 The fruit vendor by the name of Felix. 13:44 Now just down the street a little ways, 13:46 we come to another place. 13:48 And this place tells us what happened here. 13:51 And it also tells us the name of the man. 13:53 It says, this is the tavern of a guy by the name of Antonio. 13:57 And I wouldn't be too surprised if they didn't 14:00 refer to it as "Tony's place". 14:02 Huh? 14:04 Let's have a look around, shall we. 14:06 I stood here to shoot this picture 14:10 and I saw this marble colored bar. 14:13 And then I went over to the left and I saw this oven. 14:17 It had originally been completely covered with marble, 14:19 but some of the marble has fallen away 14:22 to expose the bricks. 14:23 And by the way, any time you see that long narrow brick, 14:26 you can be quite sure that it is from the Roman era. 14:30 Because that's the way they made bricks, 14:32 the style and the size of the Roman brick. 14:35 And so I stood here and thought and shot a picture or two, 14:38 and then it came to me. 14:41 This had to have been a pizza parlor. 14:43 What do you think, huh? 14:44 If that isn't a pizza oven, I've never seen one. 14:47 And the bar over there is where you'd choose 14:50 your root beer or 7-Up. 14:51 Don't you suppose? 14:53 Someone said, and I think rightly so, 14:55 pizza was born in Italy but grew up in the United States. 15:00 We eat far, far more pizza than they do over in Italy. 15:03 And ours is quite different, matter of fact. 15:05 Well, I don't know if it was Dominos or Pizza Hut, but 15:09 Charlie's tavern looks to me like a pizza parlor. 15:13 Let's look around further. 15:15 Out at the entry, out at the street level, 15:17 there is another bar. 15:20 And this one is curious in that it has big holes. 15:24 The bar was made to be water tight. 15:28 And then the inside was filled with water. 15:30 And the beverages, whether they be hard or fresh juice, 15:35 I don't know. 15:36 But they were put in earthen jugs, big earthen bottles, 15:41 and then sat down inside this water, and that would 15:45 keep the beverage cool throughout the day. 15:47 Not ice cold, but much cooler than it 15:49 might have been otherwise. 15:51 My three buddies are putting on a little bit of a 15:53 performance for you there. 15:54 They're pretending as if they're stopping to have a beverage. 15:58 I can imagine some guy on his way from the job, work place, 16:05 to his home, coming home a little late. 16:07 And his wife asks him, "What happened dear. 16:10 Did you have a flat tire?" 16:11 And he says, "No, I stopped off at 16:13 Tony's place for a cold one. " 16:15 Look, you didn't even have to step out of the street 16:19 in order to enjoy the beverage. 16:21 You could stand right out in the street. 16:23 And in the heat of summer, you would be ankle deep 16:27 in cool water, huh. 16:28 Refreshment on both ends. 16:30 How unique. 16:32 We look around in the back side, we see another of the bars. 16:34 And it has two of those openings as you can see there, rather. 16:38 And the earthen jugs are still in them. 16:41 And then over in the corners, we see others of those 16:43 great big bottles, and still more back in the back room. 16:48 Our next stop is at the bakery. 16:50 And my buddy is leaning up against a big grind stone. 16:54 Here, the farmers would bring their grain, 16:58 sell it for a cash crop, trade it for baked goods. 17:03 Or have it milled and then take the flour home 17:07 so the ladies could make their favorite desserts, 17:11 or their favorite breads, I suppose. 17:13 We're going to move on back now into the inside, 17:16 and there is the oven. 17:18 Ladies and gentlemen, back in there is a shelf. 17:20 And that shelf has a big pit beneath it 17:23 in which the fire burned. 17:25 The shelf is made of stone. 17:27 And the fire that burned would heat the rocks, 17:29 and the bread atop those, in the pans, stone pans, would bake. 17:34 Now, in the museum, there they have loaves of bread 17:41 that were found here at the time of the excavations, 17:44 now in the early part of the 19th century, 1815-1816. 17:49 They have the loaves of bread, that were discovered here 17:51 in this bakery, on display in the museum. 17:54 They're a little more than a day old. 17:56 Pretty crusty now. 17:58 But it's a fascinating thing. 18:01 Again, it just points out how the time capsule was lifted 18:05 and we make discoveries about folks that we didn't know 18:08 very much about before. 18:10 Wherever the Romans went in number, they would build 18:13 for themselves, a coliseum. 18:15 Here we have the coliseum of the city of Pompeii. 18:20 And this, by the way, is in the area of the 18:22 more recent excavations. 18:26 I happened to be in Phoenix, when a few weeks ago, 18:29 the super bowl was played. 18:30 I was in an RV parked only just a stone's throw 18:35 from the great Phoenix University coliseum. 18:37 And I noted that the Phoenix coliseum was built 18:42 after the style of the Roman coliseum. 18:45 I have noted further that where the Portland Trail Blazers play, 18:49 and where the Seattle Seahawks play, 18:51 or wherever your favorite team plays, 18:53 they play in a coliseum that was based after 18:57 that of the Roman era. 18:59 Somebody said, "What goes around comes around. " 19:02 And others have said, "Hang on to your old neckties. " 19:07 I don't know. 19:10 We're going to climb up the steps there, 19:13 ladies and gentlemen. 19:14 And we're going to go through one of those arches. 19:16 And then, we shall filter down into the seating area. 19:21 There was a parapet wall that was about 12 feet high 19:25 to separate the players from the spectators, 19:29 and the players from the animals. 19:31 Because there were African animals that were kept here. 19:35 I have been asked, "Did Christians die here? 19:38 Were Christians thrown to starved animals?" 19:40 And the historical answer is, yes. 19:42 Not in near the number as what happened over in Rome 19:47 at the great coliseum, where we may visit on another evening. 19:49 But Christians did die at the coliseum of Pompeii as well. 19:54 It was a pagan world into which our Lord Jesus was born. 19:58 And they worshipped a host of pagan gods, 20:01 gods of the sun and the moon and the stars. 20:05 These are the remains of the Temple of Fortuna Augusta. 20:10 And we're not going to go into that tonight, but 20:12 when we're finished this evening, you may want to go 20:15 home and pull it up on your your computer, or read it 20:17 out of your encyclopedia. 20:19 It was a fascinating theory behind Fortuna Augusta. 20:24 But the main temple was the Temple of Apollo. 20:28 Now Apollo was one of the names of the sun god, 20:30 the Greek name of the sun god. 20:33 And when the Caesar was in residence here, 20:36 this is where he came to worship. 20:37 Originally, this temple was covered over with 20:41 beautiful white Italian marble. 20:45 And it was said that on a clear day, 20:47 when the sun was brightly shining, 20:49 and the white caps were glistening, 20:52 this temple could be seen for miles and miles off shore. 20:57 And it glistened like a diamond in the sunlight. 21:01 So we can just imagine, the Emperor of the world 21:04 and leader of much of the known world, 21:06 coming right here to pray to the many gods; 21:10 sun, the moon, and the stars. 21:13 Now I mentioned to you folks, that the poorer folks, 21:17 those who lived in the town houses and the condominiums 21:23 and the cold water walkups, didn't have far 21:26 to go for fresh water because nearly 21:28 every corner had a cistern. 21:31 But the wealthy folks had indoor plumbing. 21:34 And we're going to begin now to see 21:36 the evidence of some of that. 21:39 If you'll look very carefully there, 21:41 you'll see in the picture, the piping that brought fresh water 21:45 off the aqueduct. 21:47 Twisted and turned and joints of stone pipe that were 21:52 hollowed out somehow and then made together. 21:54 Turned and turned, and then went back inside. 22:08 Uh-huh, that's exactly what it is. 22:13 That's a public restroom. 22:17 But in defense of my friend, I quickly need to say to you, 22:20 he's only sitting there to change the film in his camera. 22:25 Here's how it worked. 22:26 Fresh water came from off the aqueducts, 22:29 out of the canal, if you please. 22:31 On a gravity flow, it ran beneath these stone stools 22:36 and carried all the sewer away to the treatment plant. 22:42 Most remarkable. 22:44 Five hundred years before the birth of Jesus, 22:48 indoor plumbing. 22:51 Now, we have seen where the poorer folks lived 22:55 and where the everyday man shopped. 22:57 We're going to transition now and go into, what over in Idaho 23:02 we would call, the mucky muck neighborhood, alright. 23:06 This is where the rich folks lived. 23:09 And when I travel around through the cities 23:11 and villages of the U.S., I will often come to a home 23:15 or a property that has a sign up on a tree or up on a gate 23:20 that says, "Beware of the dog. " 23:26 Oh, and by the way, I must tell you. 23:29 You know, we live in a day and age where we can learn 23:33 so very much if we'll just be quiet and listen a little bit. 23:40 And that's not easy for me, but this is what I learned 23:43 from Judge Judy. 23:45 Now listen, if you put a sign on your door, on your fence, 23:51 or on your gate that says, "Beware of the dog," 23:54 you're only admitting that you knew in advance 23:57 that you had a dangerous situation. 24:01 So if you have one of those pit bulls that likes to take a bite 24:05 out of everybody, don't put up a sign. 24:08 Just let him be a surprise, I guess. 24:12 Did you, by the way, hear about that little guy 24:14 that came running in the house screaming, 24:16 crying, just screaming, "Mama, mama. " 24:19 He was just scared to death. 24:20 And his mom asked, "What was the matter, honey? 24:22 What's the matter?" 24:24 He said, "The neighbor's dog, that great big dog. " 24:26 And the mother said, she inspected him, 24:28 "Did he bite you son, did he bite you?" 24:31 "No, but tasted me. " 24:39 Well over here, instead of putting a sign on the gate 24:43 or on the door, or something, they simply, 24:46 in the mosaic of the sidewalk, put a picture of this dog. 24:50 He's in the attack mode, you see. 24:52 He's crouching, he's tethered, and his fangs are bared. 24:56 He's giving the warning, "Enter at your own risk. " 25:00 "Beware of the dog. " 25:03 We, by the way, have a 10 pound attack poodle. 25:11 And he'll taste ya. 25:14 We step inside the home and the first thing we notice is 25:18 the hole in the roof. 25:20 What's going on? Was there a strong wind? 25:22 No, this is the atrium, ladies and gentlemen. 25:25 And that hole is there winter, summer, spring, and fall. 25:29 And if you're wondering what happens when it rains, 25:31 the answer is very simple. 25:33 The rain water comes right in. 25:35 But beneath that opening, there is a fountain in the floor. 25:39 And it's just a bit larger than the opening in the ceiling. 25:44 And it serves two purposes. 25:45 One is aesthetic. 25:47 Every eye that came to this home would look at the fountain. 25:54 Often times, they'd have a little statue or something, 25:56 we're told, in the center of that fountain. 25:59 And so it was pretty, potted plants around it. 26:03 But it had a practical side as well. 26:05 Every person that came in the house, whether guest 26:08 or family member, went over beside the fountain, 26:12 removed their shoes, and bathed their feet. 26:15 And that saved on the vacuum cleaning, you see. 26:18 Not a bad idea. 26:21 Every major room in this home looked out on to the garden. 26:26 The dining room, the family room, the formal sitting room, 26:32 and the major bedroom, master bedroom. 26:34 They all opened out on to the garden. 26:38 Now, the plants here, of course, don't date back 26:41 to the time of the explosion, before Jesus. 26:45 But the statuary, on the other hand, does. 26:47 And that which isn't that old, has been recopied 26:51 from some of the ruins that were found here. 26:54 Well, we mentioned a bit ago that during the time of 26:58 the excavations, they would find these bubbles. 27:00 Instead of just smashing into them, they finally came 27:03 to the idea of filling them full of a material that would harden 27:08 and then carefully chip away. 27:10 And as they did that, they found not only the evidence of melons 27:13 and tomatoes and eggplant, but also of other living things 27:17 like this dog. 27:19 Is this a dog's body? 27:21 No. That had long, long ago returned to dust. 27:26 And ash to ash. 27:27 But this is what the dog looked like when they chipped away 27:31 the stone that had once been molten rock. 27:35 The evidence obviously is that the dog died 27:39 as a result of asphyxiation. 27:41 Breathing that poisonous gas. 27:43 Died for want of pure air and oxygen. 27:46 He died in a twisted and contorted form. 27:50 And not only did the animals die in that way, 27:53 but so also is the evidence, did the people as well. 27:56 Here was a person that was found in the corner of the basement. 28:01 And you notice the attempt to cover the nose and the mouth 28:05 from the poisonous gas. 28:06 Trying to hold the hands over the nose and the mouth. 28:10 But it didn't work. 28:11 Many of these figures were found with their gems and their jewels 28:17 and their gold coins in their hands. 28:19 The evidence from National Geographic magazine, 28:22 as I alluded before, is that many of them had 28:25 been out on the bay. 28:27 They had been, maybe a mile or two off shore. 28:30 They were out where they were safe from the explosion, 28:33 safe from the fire that would follow. 28:36 But they went back. 28:38 They went back to claim their treasures. 28:41 They went back to get their gold, to get coins, 28:44 to get their jewelry. 28:45 They went back, many of them, simply because they did not 28:50 want to leave their beautiful homes. 28:52 And they paid a price too high, 28:54 as you can see here. 28:56 And again, a prostrate form, again with that vain attempt 29:01 to shield the nose and the mouth. 29:06 There are so many parallels, ladies and gentlemen, 29:08 between their day and time, and our own. 29:12 So very many. 29:16 If you today, this day and age, give folks the choice 29:19 of coming to meetings, similar to these perhaps, 29:24 to learn the truths of Jesus, 29:27 to see where we are in the stream of time, 29:30 and to get ready to meet Him in peace, get to know him better, 29:33 memorize His promises. 29:35 You give folks a choice between doing something like that 29:38 or going to the super bowl, going to the high school 29:42 basketball game, or going to the dance, 29:45 where will the majority go? 29:48 Yea. 29:49 Elsewhere. 29:50 They have their priorities 29:54 in an improper place. 29:55 The very fact that you folks are here tonight proves 29:58 that you have your priorities in order. 30:01 And I thank you so very much for traveling with me. 30:03 And now we will continue with our program. 30:09 The lead story on the World News tonight was the bad news. 30:13 The price of crude oil broke an all time high. 30:16 They're rather sure that in the next week or two, 30:19 it's going to break another record or two. 30:23 I've noticed since I've been in the area that the 30:25 price of gasoline, and even worse the price of diesel, 30:29 has jumped about 25 cents in ten days. 30:32 And we're paying the price and we're suffering the hurt. 30:36 Peggy tried to make an order for some video equipment 30:41 a couple of days ago. 30:43 And she was going to pay for that with our 30:45 American Express card. 30:47 And the folks at the place of business down in Phoenix said, 30:50 "Well, there's something wrong with American Express 30:53 and maybe if you made a phone call down there. " 30:56 And so Peggy made a phone call and they said, 30:57 "Well, our computers are down. " 31:00 They said, "Really what we're doing is just kind of 31:03 updating our computers. 31:04 And maybe before the day is over, 31:06 we'll have it all fixed up. " 31:08 So Peggy, just before the end of business 31:10 back there, called again. 31:11 Now they said, "Our computers are still down. " 31:13 And then, a day later, we learned the truth. 31:17 The power went out in Tampa, Florida near the headquarter 31:21 of American Express cards and the financial cards. 31:27 And do you know what they first blamed it on? 31:29 We're not sure, they're doing some research. 31:30 They're saying today, that this may not have been the case. 31:33 That it may have been a man who just opened the wrong box 31:35 and pushed the wrong button. 31:37 But yesterday, there was the very strong suggestion 31:40 that what had happened was, some high school kid 31:43 had somehow, with his computer, hacked in to the 31:47 nuclear power supply and shut down the power. 31:50 An interesting day that we've come to. 31:54 Power outages that could shutdown Wall Street 31:57 and shutdown the financial institutions of the world. 32:00 Tonight, we're going to talk about our trip-trap 32:02 troubled planet in its context with a final economic crisis. 32:06 And before we go further, I want to say to all of you folks, 32:09 Lyle is a loyal American. 32:11 And I hope that comes across. 32:13 I have been to 62 other countries of the world 32:16 and one of the things that my world travel has done is 32:19 make me love these United States of America. 32:22 There's not another place like it on the face of God's earth. 32:25 We ought to put in a thank offering every day 32:27 for the privilege of living here. 32:29 This is the great country. 32:32 God's United States of America. 32:34 But while I'm a loyal American, I'm at the same time, 32:37 a concerned American. 32:39 And I discovered that I'm not alone in my concerns. 32:42 As I travel from north to south and east to west, 32:44 I discovered that there are thousands, 32:46 yea, tens of thousands of Americans who, 32:49 like myself, are concerned. 32:50 And one of our grave concerns is the loss of freedom 32:54 that we have known since, basically 9/11. 32:58 We have lost, ladies and gentlemen, more freedoms 33:00 since the Twin Towers came crashing down, 33:02 than in all of the prior history of the United States 33:05 together combined. 33:07 I read not very long ago, again from a news magazine, 33:12 that if you're the average person in the average 33:14 American city, and yours probably wouldn't qualify 33:17 but it's getting close. 33:18 If you're an average person who makes average trips to town 33:22 in the average city, your picture is going to be taken 33:26 about 270 times per day. 33:30 You're going to be watched by a camera 270 times per day. 33:34 Well, that'll happen to me about 75 times just over in Wal-Mart. 33:39 I'm always looking up and kind of, 33:42 I didn't put it in my pocket, you know. 33:45 Oh, but I did make a mistake. 33:48 George, you won't tell anybody? 33:52 I'm afraid I went through a red light. 33:54 Or it was certainly turning pink. 33:56 And then someone told me, "Didn't you see the sign 33:59 up there that said they're watching you on camera?" 34:02 George, would you tell them I didn't mean to? 34:04 Alright, thank you. 34:08 You'll fix it for me? Alright. 34:12 I thank you kindly. 34:13 Look, yesterday I picked up the Tri-City Herald newspaper. 34:21 And here's the headline, "Toxic Economy Looms. " 34:24 And it goes on to say, "It's a worrisome time. 34:28 The soaring economic ills are causing serious problems. " 34:34 And then it goes on to talk about the high cost of gasoline. 34:38 And it moves further than that to talk about the serious crisis 34:42 in the housing market. 34:43 And they say, together this has the possibility 34:46 to take us into a deep recession and perhaps even stagflation. 34:53 We're not going to go into what stagflation is. 34:55 But you economists, of course, already know all about that. 34:58 I want you now, if you will please to open with me, your 35:00 Bibles, to the last book for those who live in the last days, 35:05 and one of the last chapters, Revelation. 35:07 Revelation, not the last book by accident, 35:09 we need to say over and over again, 35:11 but it's for those who are living in the end times. 35:14 The time is at hand. 35:15 And we've said again and again that prophecy 35:18 is history written in advance. 35:20 And history is the mirror reflection of prophecy. 35:23 And they go together, prophecy and history, like... 35:25 What? You've memorized it. 35:27 ...identical twins. Sure. 35:29 Prophecy and history; identical twins. 35:31 And so right now, we're going to read together 35:34 a little bit of prophecy. 35:35 Revelation chapter 13 contains the most awesome warning 35:39 to be found anywhere in God's word. 35:40 And I'm going to take up the reading at verse 15. 35:44 Revelation chapter 13, beginning with the 15th verse. 35:50 And it says about a certain power, which we'll say more 35:53 on another evening, "He had power to give life 35:56 to the image of the beast, that this image of the beast 36:00 should both speak and cause as many as would not 36:02 worship the image that they should be killed. " 36:05 And he causes a few folks, some of the wealthy and 36:08 some of the poor and some of the... 36:10 Is that the way your Bible reads? 36:11 Come on now, I have to check you out from time to time. 36:14 He causes how many? 36:15 I perhaps, have said it before. 36:17 It needs to be said, however, again. 36:19 When you're studying communication, 36:25 as I did at the graduate level, your professor will often say, 36:30 and even in high school speech classes, I remember, 36:33 in your speech making, in your preaching, 36:35 don't make allness statements. 36:37 Don't say, it's always like this or everybody is like that. 36:40 For there are exceptions to every rule. 36:43 And so, don't make allness statements. 36:45 But here, God is making the allness statements. 36:48 And He doesn't do it just once, He does it again and again. 36:51 He doesn't say, "He causes some, or a few, or many. " 36:55 "He causes all, small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, 36:58 to receive a mark either in their right hand 37:01 or in their foreheads. " 37:03 And then, in the following verse 17, 37:05 "And that nobody, no man could buy or sell unless he have 37:12 the mark, or the name of the beast, 37:14 or the number of his name. " 37:16 Now what God is trying to get across to us here is this. 37:20 When these things come down, it won't matter who you are 37:24 or where you live. 37:26 When all of this falls into place, it'll make no difference 37:30 if you're the man who does the surgery beneath 37:33 the great lights, the attorney at the bar, or the guy 37:37 that throws the garbage in the back of the truck, 37:39 or sweeps the street. 37:42 He causes all, small and great, rich and poor. 37:44 Everybody is in the same kind of situation. 37:48 Now this is another statement that needs to be made. 37:51 We've done it before but must, of necessity, do it again. 37:56 The Bible is not just for we who live in the 37:58 United States of America. 37:59 We believe this is a special country, 38:01 a God blessed country certainly. 38:04 But God's word is not only just for those of us who live here 38:08 in the United States. 38:10 It is also for those who live in Japan, 38:13 and for those who live in Germany, 38:15 and those who are down in the Philippines, 38:17 and those in Philadelphia. 38:19 God's word is for all of God's people all around God's earth. 38:22 Therefore then, ladies and gentlemen, 38:24 the warnings found in God's word are not only just for Americans, 38:29 but they're for all people all around the earth. 38:32 Now, having made that point, I move to this one. 38:35 For a long, long while I wondered, 38:38 "How Lord, could this be?" 38:40 How this economic dictatorship to have an affect 38:44 all around the world. 38:45 Over in Japan, and at the same time, out in India 38:48 and other places. 38:49 How could it possibly be? 38:51 We are so diverse, we are so unique. 38:54 We are so very, very individual. 38:57 But in the last few years, ladies and gentlemen, 39:00 this picture, in many, many ways, particularly financial, 39:04 has drastically changed. 39:06 We're all now, interconnected by computer money, together. 39:12 And what one country does, the other country does. 39:15 You probably know that about 70% of the banking of the world 39:19 happens out at Wall Street in New York City. 39:22 And money is not sent in envelopes or safe pouches, 39:26 but rather, it is sent electronically. 39:29 And consequently, now there's a whole new fraud. 39:32 A guy who really knows how to use his computer 39:35 can have transferred from the big city bank 39:38 out to his personal account somewhere in the Bahamas 39:40 or over in Switzerland. 39:42 And perhaps, for months and months and months, 39:44 or perhaps never, does anyone know the difference. 39:48 How many of you folks have heard of Dr. Ben Carson? 39:52 "Gifted Hands," the surgeon from John Hopkins University? 39:54 Have you read his latest book? 39:56 It is fascinating. 39:57 And he concludes with some interesting ideas. 40:00 He said, "I believe that it is time that instead of having 40:04 checkbooks, and instead of doing computer work 40:07 and paying our bills by the computer, 40:10 that we now go to the eye picture. " 40:14 You put your eye, either in your home at your home computer 40:17 or at the bank, and it reads your eye. 40:20 And your eye is more individual than your fingertip. 40:23 And instantly, the transfers are made, either into your account 40:27 or out of your account. 40:28 And he said if we were to do this, we would instantly 40:32 solve 90% of the major crime. 40:35 Now you think about it. 40:38 The guy that sneaks around and stops at the brothel 40:43 there just outside of Las Vegas, and pays with $100 bills, 40:48 is not going to be able to do that. 40:50 And the Mafioso type who gives some guy $50,000 40:54 to knock off his business partner, is not going to be 40:57 able to do that. 40:59 When you look at it from that vantage point, 41:01 it makes a lot of sense. 41:04 We could suddenly reduce crime maybe 50-70%. 41:09 But we would be sacrificing our freedoms. 41:13 Exactly so. 41:15 And so, the devils last attempt to take total control 41:18 of the world is going to be through the economy, 41:21 through money. 41:22 The love of money. 41:24 You remember our Lord Jesus that said, 41:26 "You can't server both God and mammon. " 41:29 That's the reading from the Kind James. 41:31 But the translation in the new language, 41:34 the modern languages, is very simple. 41:35 "You can't put Me first and also have great love for money. " 41:38 It's not going to work. 41:39 The devil doesn't yet understand that. 41:43 And so he's going to use money, and the economy 41:45 and the control of it, to try to force men and women into 41:49 a mold that they otherwise would not choose to be in. 41:53 He can't believe that there can be some with characters so 41:58 sterling that they can't be bought or sold. 42:00 My favorite writer outside the Bible put it in these words, 42:03 "The greatest want of the world is the want of men. 42:07 Men who's conscience is as true to duty as is the 42:10 needle to the pole. 42:11 Men who will not be bought or sold though the heavens fall. " 42:19 Worldwide implications. 42:24 I recently made a trip again to Europe. 42:29 And I discovered that over in Europe, even though their 42:32 euro dollar is now very strong in comparison to ours, 42:35 worth about 40% more than our dollar. 42:38 Oh, and by the way, that brings to my mind another thought. 42:41 Did you know that many, many of the major companies that 42:44 do business with us, whether they sell us oil 42:48 or they sell us some other commodity, refrigerators 42:50 or Toyota's, they're not wanting payment in American dollars? 42:55 Because as soon as they take the American dollars, 42:57 they are taking a 40% discount. 43:00 And so they want us to trade our money with the euro dollar 43:03 or with the Japanese yen. 43:05 And some of them are even willing to take the Mexican peso 43:09 in exchange for, rather than, the U.S. dollar. 43:15 Strange situation we've come to, but one that God said 43:18 would happen just before Jesus comes back again. 43:21 And so I've noticed that the problems that we're facing here 43:25 in terms of the economy, the housing market just one example, 43:29 is much greater over in England. 43:32 Much greater than here. 43:34 Here in the United States, we send out to our kids, 43:38 college kids, and oh, even in the last few months, 43:41 they've been sending credit cards, unsolicited, unasked for, 43:45 to eight graders. 43:46 Did you know that? 43:47 Yea, eight grader opens his mail and there's a credit card. 43:51 And so he runs down and buys him a $100 worth of gum. 43:56 So strange, really it is. 43:59 But we have made credit available. 44:02 We have said, "Here, use it, enjoy it, live it up. " 44:07 "Oh, and if you'll take the credit that you have on 44:10 your other card," says this big company, "if you'll transfer 44:13 that credit over to our card, we will give to you 44:17 no interest for 3 months. 44:18 And after the 3 months, we will only charge you 44:21 for the next 6 months, 4% or 5%." 44:24 And we fail to read the small print, ladies and gentlemen. 44:28 And now we're discovering that when you read the small print, 44:31 they have an ability that if your payment is late 44:35 by 1/2 hour, oh and if it says that your payment is due 44:40 on the 30th of the month, and you mail your letter 44:44 and it gets there by the 30th of the month, 44:47 it is still considered to be late. 44:49 And now the interest rate goes from 5% or 4% up to 28%. 44:56 And then they add late fees that can bring the interest rate up 45:00 to as high as 40%. 45:02 And then they begin to add the interest to it, 45:06 it begins to compound daily, and before very long 45:10 you're in debt up beyond your eyeballs, 45:12 and they're going to take away your home. 45:14 And so, the housing market has been collapsing. 45:17 Have you noticed that in your area? 45:18 My home town is Boise, Idaho. 45:20 My daughter happens to have a home in Boise, Idaho 45:23 that she's been attempting to sell for about the last 2 years. 45:28 They began, and because it's a lovely home, 45:30 and I've seen some very lovely homes around here, 45:33 it was a home that was appraised at around $400,000. 45:37 And so they thought they would start maybe just a little bit 45:39 above the appraisal. 45:41 And nothing happened, no one even came to look. 45:43 And so they dropped the price about $25,000. 45:46 And nobody came to look. 45:47 And so they dropped the price again another $25,000. 45:51 And one person came to look. 45:53 And they dropped the price again and nobody has been to look 45:57 in the last 3 months. 45:58 They had changed realtors on three different occasions. 46:02 And finally, my daughter confronted the last one 46:05 and asked him, "Sir, why aren't you doing anything?" 46:08 And he said to my daughter, "Lady, it's obvious that you 46:11 don't understand. " 46:13 Here in this little community of Eagle, Idaho, 46:16 which has a population smaller still than your city, 46:20 here in Eagle, this suburb of Boise, there are 1200 homes 46:28 on the market. 46:29 1200 homes that are for sale. 46:32 And in greater Boise, the number is up near 100,000. 46:37 And the banks are wondering what to do, what are we going to do? 46:42 And so the Federal Reserve... 46:44 And this, let's see if I can't find it here. 46:48 The Federal Reserve Chairman spoke yesterday. 46:52 Well, it doesn't matter. 46:54 But Neil Cavuto asked him, "What are you going to do?" 46:56 He said, "We're going to lower the interest rate. " 46:58 Neil Cavuto asked, "How do you do that?" 47:00 He said, "We're going to print more money. " 47:02 And Neil said, "I thought that's exactly your answer. " 47:05 Now he said, "Who is going to stand behind the money?" 47:08 Because it's practically hot air. 47:10 Who's going to stand behind the money? 47:12 And the Chairman of the Federal Reserve said, "Probably China. " 47:18 Ladies and gentlemen, Japan and China own 47:21 much of the United States. 47:24 In 10 years, the United States has moved from a position of 47:27 being the largest creditor to being the largest debtor nation 47:31 in all this world. 47:34 In other words, 10 years ago, more countries owed us money 47:37 than was owed to any one other single country. 47:41 We indeed, were the wealthy Americans. 47:43 And now, my dears, we owe more money to more countries 47:48 than does any other single nation, including those 47:51 impoverished third nations of the world 47:55 that are so deeply, deeply in debt. 47:57 And the amount is mushrooming. 47:59 You know what happens to interest that is compounded, 48:01 then super compounded? 48:03 And it was the former Chairman of the Chrysler Motor Company, 48:07 Lee Iacocca, who was quoted very recently as saying, 48:10 "We need now to face the facts, it is a reality. 48:13 We will never, never be able to pay the interest 48:17 on the national debt. " 48:20 And then he went on to conclude, "It is a bitter legacy 48:23 that we have left to our children 48:25 and to our grandchildren. " 48:27 Here's something that came from the news magazine 48:29 just about 4 days ago. 48:32 The stock market, as you're probably aware, has dropped 48:34 again today, about 300 points. 48:37 We've gone, in about a month and a half, from somewhere around 48:40 14,000 to 12, and sometimes a little less than that. 48:44 Then it asks, "Are we living in a '9/10' economy? 48:49 Global financial markets were rocked last month, following 48:53 rising defaults affecting mortgage-backed securities. 48:57 What does this mean for the world's money supply 49:00 and for confidence in the Western financial institutions? 49:03 Are we on the verge of a major upheaval and a collapse 49:07 of the world economy?" 49:09 Well my dears, the Bible says the answer 49:11 to that question is, "Yes. " 49:14 Yes, indeed. 49:15 By the way, if you folks want some information 49:18 that is brand new and updated and trustworthy, 49:21 you'll find it here in this issue of "In These Times". 49:25 "Killer Credit" 49:26 It'll just, it'll shock you. 49:29 I'm rather sure that it will. 49:34 What is the national debt? 49:35 When you and I had meetings like these here 8 years ago, was it? 49:40 Eight years ago, the national debt was around 49:46 5 trillion dollars. 49:49 But yesterday, I spent most all of the afternoon at the library 49:53 doing some research. 49:55 And I found a quotation. 49:57 I want to read it to you, and then you'll be able probably to 49:59 tell me who said it, who made it, and when. 50:02 Listen now. 50:03 "The budget should be balanced. 50:07 The treasury should be refilled. 50:11 The public debt should be reduced. 50:15 And the arrogance of public officials 50:17 should be controlled. " 50:19 Who do you think said that? 50:21 The guy that's running for the Office of President? 50:24 No, that was an old fellow by the name of Cicero 50:27 who lived 106 years before the birth of Jesus. 50:33 What goes around comes around. 50:37 What is the national debt today, ladies and gentlemen? 50:42 Well, this was yesterday at four in the afternoon. 50:48 9 trillion, 329 billion, 722 million, 50:58 971 thousand, 236 dollars, and 97 cents. 51:04 That was yesterday. 51:06 It's much, much worse than that, of course, today. 51:09 Now, this is the bottom line. 51:11 While our government is in debt to the tune 51:14 of almost 10 trillion dollars, the gross personal debt 51:18 of the peoples of the United States is almost equal to it. 51:21 What does that mean? 51:22 That means that for our cars, our automobiles, 51:24 our washing machines, our homes, and the clothes that we charge 51:28 with our credit card; we American people are in debt 51:32 almost to the same degree as is our government. 51:35 And so where does the blame lie, huh? 51:38 What other country in all of the world solves its problems, 51:42 its financial problems, you know, everybody, 51:44 we're losing our homes and folks are not spending money 51:47 because they don't have money to spend. 51:49 And so, here, we're going to give you a tax refund. 51:52 We're going to give every one of you folks, at least 51:55 every family, we're going to give you $600. 51:57 Now this is what we want you to do with the $600. 52:00 We want you to run down to the mall and spend that money. 52:03 We want you to make a down payment on a car. 52:05 We want you to put it down on a new set for your living room. 52:08 We're the only country in all the world that solves our 52:10 indebtedness by encouraging our people to go into debt. 52:13 You tell me one other country in the world that encourages 52:16 its folks, instead of saving, instead of putting some money 52:19 in the bank, to go out and spend like crazy. 52:22 It's madness. 52:26 Madness. 52:30 The national debt is increasing at $1.2 million every minute. 52:37 "Seventy-six major banks," and I'm reading again 52:39 from the news service. 52:40 "Seventy-six of the major banks in the United States 52:42 are on the brink or near failure. " 52:46 Federal deposit insurance. 52:48 You know, we have the mistaken idea, somehow, that the 52:50 FDIC is a government outfit. 52:53 That we vote someone in there and they take charge. 52:56 No, not at all. 52:57 Not anywhere near it. 52:58 The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation... 53:00 I'm sorry, I misspoke. The Federal Reserve. 53:03 The Federal Reserve is not owned and operated by the government. 53:07 We don't vote anyone into office. 53:09 But rather, it is made up of about a dozen of the 53:12 wealthiest men in the world. 53:14 And they're the ones that are loaning the money. 53:15 And they're the ones that are getting the big returns. 53:18 And they're the ones that are getting into our back pockets 53:20 and stealing from us. 53:22 Printing more money and passing on the debt to other countries. 53:25 You buy it from us, some day we'll pay you back. 53:29 And now we're going to, as we conclude, see that these things 53:31 are all related to the end time events. 53:35 That God knew what was going to happen and He knew what would 53:38 bring about this economic dictatorship. 53:42 I'm going to share with very quickly now, as we move 53:44 toward a conclusion, what has put us 53:46 in this financial difficulty. 53:51 The cost of illegal's coming across our borders, 53:54 both North and South, are costing us multiplied 53:58 millions of dollars every single day. 54:02 Now please understand, Lyle is not a racist of any kind. 54:05 If I know my own heart, I know better than that. 54:08 And then, we have these natural disasters. 54:10 We've had Katrina, and right on top of it, Rita. 54:13 And it has cost our government billions and billions 54:16 and billions of dollars. 54:17 And then we have the welfare roles. 54:19 We have the folks that are being paid not to work. 54:23 And some of them would work, and perhaps, ought to work. 54:27 Down in the Southland not too long ago, a guy said to me, 54:30 "You know, they're lots of folks down here in the South 54:32 that wouldn't work if you gave them a job 54:34 in a doughnut factory. " 54:36 Now I guess that's a pretty good job, I don't know. 54:39 Then we have also a war raging out in the Middle East. 54:42 And that war in the Middle East, it's costing you peoples 54:45 of the United States $10 billion every single month. 54:48 And then we have earthquakes. 54:50 And we dip into our pockets, and all we Americans are fine 54:54 to help the folk who are in the earthquake. 54:56 And then we have the fires that burn down the most expensive 54:59 neighborhoods in Malibu and elsewhere. 55:01 And they give them loans that are backed by the government. 55:05 And free money besides that. 55:07 And we poor folks who live out here in Middle America, 55:09 we're paying the bill. 55:10 And then, we have medical care. 55:12 It is considered that within 5 years, 25% of the 55:16 national budget is going to go to medical costs. 55:21 Then we have the Homeland Security problem 55:24 with surveillance, and we have border fences and border police, 55:29 that are costing us increasingly. 55:31 And we then have these horrors of the annual income 55:38 that drops and drops in comparison to inflation 55:41 and deflation and stagflation. 55:43 And some have said to me, "Well really, we're better off 55:45 than we were than when I was a kid. " 55:46 Well, I've looked into that and I found that it's not true. 55:49 In 1942, and that by the way, was the year that some 55:53 really, really fine people were born. 55:59 Now again, this isn't the history of civilization, folks. 56:03 In 1942, the annual income was $1800 per year 56:06 and a new home cost $3000. 56:11 You earn in 2 years, enough money to pay off your home. 56:14 In 1960, gasoline cost 25 cents a gallon. 56:19 It meant, if you worked for one hour at the minimum wage 56:23 of $2 per hour, you could buy 8 gallons of gas today. 56:25 Can you buy 8 gallons of gas today with an hour's wage? 56:27 Huh? I don't think so. 56:29 I don't think so. 56:31 Our Lord has to come, folks. 56:33 Our Lord has to come. 56:35 There's going to soon come a collapse. 56:37 It might be the Twin Tower picture all over again. 56:40 It might be something in Los Angeles. 56:43 It might be a natural disaster. 56:45 But it is going to demand somebody to come along 56:48 to take the reins in hand. 56:49 You know, the American people traditionally have been 56:51 taught to say, "Dictatorship horrors, never. 56:54 Not here in the land of the free. " 56:56 But one day soon they're going to say, 56:58 "Thank God, finally someone has come along with enough guts 57:02 to put on the brakes. Thank God. " 57:08 "And no man could buy or sell. " 57:10 Now is the time to make the spiritual preparation. 57:13 Now is the time. 57:15 Lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth. 57:17 Rather, put your treasure in the bank of heaven. 57:22 Let's pray. 57:23 We thank You Lord, for the promise of Your word, 57:25 "I'll be with you to the end. 57:29 I'll never allow My children to go hungry or 57:31 see their seed begging bread. 57:33 Your bread and your water will be sure. 57:35 My grace is sufficient. " 57:37 Dear God help us, like Abraham, to set our sights 57:40 on things that are eternal. 57:42 And not to worry at all about having the 57:44 finest things here and now. 57:48 But to be very concerned about the hereafter. 57:52 May we long anxiously for the coming of Jesus. 57:56 Oh, to look in His face. 57:58 That'll be glory. In Jesus' name, amen. |
Revised 2014-12-17