It Is Written

The Seven Churches of Revelation: Thyatira & Philadelphia

Three Angels Broadcasting Network

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Series Code: IIW

Program Code: IIW022260S


00:16 ♪[music ends]♪♪
00:19 >>John Bradshaw: This is "It Is Written."
00:21 I'm John Bradshaw. Thanks for joining me.
00:24 The book of Revelation puzzles a lot of people.
00:26 It uses a lot of symbolic language,
00:29 and so you read about a beast that rises up out of the sea
00:33 and another that rises up out of the earth.
00:36 You read of seven thunders and seven plagues and seven seals
00:40 and seven trumpets.
00:41 And if you wanted to, you could choose to just move on
00:45 to something simpler.
00:46 ♪[soft piano music]♪
00:47 But the book of Revelation contains plenty
00:49 that is straightforward and easy to understand.
00:52 And you'd expect that because it opens by saying
00:55 that it is "the Revelation of Jesus Christ."
01:00 The whole point of the book is to reveal Jesus.
01:04 It tells of His final victory over sin and rebellion.
01:08 He's portrayed as returning to the earth
01:09 as "King of Kings and Lord of Lords" in chapter 19.
01:13 And His return to the earth is also spoken of
01:16 in the first chapter of Revelation, where it says,
01:20 "Behold, He is coming with clouds,
01:23 and every eye will see Him."
01:26 So, clearly this is a book that's given to inspire hope.
01:30 In fact, it opens by saying that there's a blessing
01:33 for those who read Revelation, who hear it,
01:37 and keep what they read.
01:39 That's a clear reference to obedience
01:41 and to surrendering the life to Jesus.
01:45 The fifth verse of the book
01:46 speaks of the plan of redemption--
01:48 "To Him who loved us and washed us from our sins
01:51 in His own blood"--
01:53 and goes on to speak of the restoration of God's children:
01:56 "and has made us kings and priests to His God and Father."
02:01 Revelation speaks of the last great battle
02:03 between good and evil and takes us to the genesis
02:06 of that battle, when in heaven long ago, Satan said
02:10 that he wanted to "be like the Most High."
02:13 That battle crescendos with the last great crisis
02:16 of earth's final days, in which false worship will be enforced
02:20 and dissenters will be forbidden to buy and sell
02:24 in an attempt to coerce them
02:26 to give up their faithfulness to God.
02:28 ♪[music fades]♪
02:30 In the second and third chapters of Revelation,
02:33 Jesus addresses seven churches, real churches in real places,
02:38 wrestling with significant issues
02:40 which threaten their viability and potentially their eternity.
02:45 "If you don't repent, you'll no longer function as a church,"
02:47 Jesus told the church at Ephesus.
02:49 He doesn't correct the persecuted church of Smyrna.
02:53 Maybe there's something about persecution
02:55 that keeps a church focused on faith in Jesus.
02:58 Perhaps ease isn't as good for us as we might like to think.
03:03 He told the church at Pergamos, the compromising church,
03:06 to repent.
03:07 And in each case, Jesus made beautiful promises
03:10 to the faithful.
03:12 And that brings us to church number four: Thyatira.
03:16 ♪[somber Middle-Eastern instrumental music]♪
03:22 There's not much left of the ancient city of Thyatira.
03:26 All that remains of this once-thriving settlement
03:29 is a small area that's about the size of a city block,
03:32 maybe even smaller, and houses and shops have been built
03:36 on the land where the city once stood.
03:40 Today it's known as a producer of olives,
03:43 olive oil, and tobacco,
03:45 about 10 percent of the tobacco produced in Turkey.
03:48 Thyatira was an important center for trade and commerce,
03:52 thanks to its strategic location on the main road.
03:56 Over the centuries, it was conquered
03:57 by a number of different empires,
04:00 including the Persians under Cyrus in the 500s BC,
04:03 Alexander the Great, the Seleucid Empire,
04:07 and the Attalid kingdom of Pergamos,
04:09 until it finally fell under Roman rule.
04:12 Under the Romans, Thyatira thrived and grew.
04:17 And this is interesting. In Daniel, chapter 2,
04:20 there's a prophecy that proves to be foundational
04:22 for both Daniel and the book of Revelation.
04:25 Here's what happened.
04:27 The Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar had a dream
04:30 in which he saw an image, a statue, made of various metals.
04:36 Daniel explained to the king that the image
04:38 had a head of gold, a chest of silver,
04:42 a midsection of brass, legs of iron,
04:47 and feet of iron and clay.
04:49 And they represented kingdoms that would rise and fall:
04:53 first, Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar's kingdom;
04:56 then Medo-Persia; then Greece under Alexander the Great;
05:00 and then Rome.
05:03 In Thyatira you see all that.
05:06 Babylon ruled first, although it didn't extend up here
05:09 into western Turkey.
05:10 But then, Medo-Persia governed this area--
05:13 and then Greece
05:14 and then Rome,
05:16 just as Daniel 2 said.
05:17 ♪[soft reflective piano music]♪
05:19 In Daniel, chapter 7, Greece is represented
05:22 by a leopard with four heads.
05:25 This is because after Alexander the Great died,
05:28 four of his generals divided the empire among themselves.
05:32 One of those generals, Seleucus, ruled in Thyatira.
05:37 Interestingly, in Daniel, chapter 8,
05:39 we see a similar sequence of kingdoms,
05:41 except for the already fallen Babylon.
05:44 Chapter 7 also introduces the concept of "the little horn,"
05:48 which represents the antichrist.
05:52 It's important to remember that the Bible is rooted in history,
05:56 and understanding history is key to interpreting
06:00 its prophecies accurately.
06:03 Thyatira became famous during Roman times
06:05 for its purple cloth.
06:08 In the city's ruins you can find inscriptions
06:10 speaking of a guild of purple dyers in this city,
06:15 as well as for bronzesmiths, slave dealers, wool workers,
06:17 potters, tanners, coppersmiths, and others.
06:20 These guilds were associations of craftsmen and merchants
06:24 formed to protect their interests,
06:27 something akin to trade unions.
06:30 But the existence of the guilds presented Christian believers
06:33 with a major problem.
06:35 We'll look at that in just a moment.
06:38 ♪[upbeat music swells and ends]♪♪
06:47 >>Announcer 1: For 2,000 years it's been the hope
06:50 of the Christian church.
06:51 It's a major theme of the Bible
06:53 and the focal point of the book of Revelation:
06:55 the return of Jesus to the world.
06:58 Call now for your free copy of "The Soon Return of Jesus."
07:02 Learn what the Bible says on this vital subject
07:05 and untangle many modern myths.
07:07 Call 800-253-3000.
07:09 That's 800-253-3000.
07:12 Or visit us online at iiwoffer.com.
07:17 ♪[upbeat music]♪
07:20 >>Announcer 1: Planning for your financial future
07:21 is a vital aspect of Christian stewardship.
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07:46 ♪[music ends]♪♪
07:48 >>John Bradshaw: Thanks for joining me on "It Is Written."
07:50 The ancient city of Thyatira in western Turkey
07:54 is the fourth church addressed by Jesus in His messages
07:57 to the seven churches of Revelation.
08:00 It was a city that was impacted by a collection of guilds.
08:04 These were business organizations that represented
08:06 craftsmen and business people.
08:09 The guilds were very influential in Thyatira.
08:13 They impacted not only the city's political
08:15 and economic life but also social and religious circles.
08:20 Anyone pursuing a trade had to be a member of a guild,
08:25 and that was problematic for Christians,
08:27 as each guild was dedicated to a pagan god,
08:32 who would be honored at guild functions.
08:36 Their banquets were sordid affairs that not only featured
08:39 food offered to idols but also sexual immorality.
08:44 So Christian business people or craftsmen or -women
08:46 were confronted by a dilemma:
08:49 Participate in pagan worship and gross immorality and be in,
08:54 or refuse to take part and be out.
08:58 Renounce your faith and earn a living,
09:01 or stick to your faith and face real hardship.
09:06 Now, that same dilemma surfaces again later in Revelation.
09:09 In chapter 13, people in earth's last days will be forced
09:13 to choose between buying and selling
09:15 and receiving the mark of the beast.
09:18 Those are tough choices, but God calls us to faithfulness.
09:24 Remember, God Himself said back in the days of Eli the priest,
09:27 "Them that honour me I will honour."
09:32 Christianity seems to have taken root in Thyatira
09:35 at a very early point in church history.
09:37 While there's no record in the New Testament
09:39 of the apostles actually visiting Thyatira,
09:43 it's entirely possible that they did.
09:45 ♪[soft mysterious music]♪
09:46 The Bible says that while Paul was in Philippi,
09:48 he met a seller of purple cloth by the name of Lydia,
09:52 the first convert to the Christian faith
09:55 on the continent of Europe.
09:57 Lydia was a native of Thyatira,
09:59 and she was obviously pretty successful,
10:01 as her home was large enough
10:03 to host the apostle Paul's missionary team.
10:06 The purple cloth produced in Thyatira was well known.
10:10 An inscription as far away as Thessalonica in Greece
10:14 mentions a man of Thyatira who had been honored
10:17 by the purple dyers of that city.
10:20 You'd probably consider Thyatira to be the least important town
10:24 of those in which the seven churches were located.
10:27 But the message from Jesus to the church of Thyatira
10:30 is the longest of the letters to the seven churches.
10:33 ♪[soft somber music]♪
10:34 It's also one of the most severe.
10:38 "And to the angel of the church in Thyatira write,
10:42 "'These things says the Son of God,
10:44 "'who has eyes like a flame of fire,
10:46 "'and His feet like fine brass: "I know your works, love,
10:51 "'"service, faith, and your patience;
10:55 "'"and as for your works, the last are more than the first.
10:59 "'"Nevertheless I have a few things against you,
11:02 "'"because you allow that woman Jezebel,
11:04 "'"who calls herself a prophetess, to teach and seduce
11:08 "'"my servants to commit sexual immorality
11:11 "'"and eat things sacrificed to idols.
11:14 "'"And I gave her time to repent of her sexual immorality,
11:17 "'"and she did not repent.
11:20 "'"Indeed I will cast her into a sickbed,
11:23 "'"and those who commit adultery with her
11:25 "'"into great tribulation,
11:26 "'"unless they repent of their deeds.
11:30 "'"I will kill her children with death,
11:32 "'"and all the churches shall know that I am He
11:35 "'"who searches the minds and hearts.
11:38 "'"And I will give to each one of you according to your works.
11:41 "'"Now to you I say, and to the rest in Thyatira,
11:45 "'"as many as do not have this doctrine,
11:48 "'"[and] who have not known the depths of Satan, as they say,
11:51 "'"I will put on you no other burden.
11:53 "'"But hold fast what you have till I come.
11:56 "'"And he who overcomes, and keeps my works until the end,
12:00 "'"to him I will give power over the nations--
12:02 "'"'He shall rule them with a rod of iron;
12:05 "'"'they shall be dashed to pieces
12:07 "'"like the potter's vessels'--
12:08 "'"as I also have received from my Father;
12:11 "'"and I will give him the morning star.
12:14 "'"He who has an ear, let him hear
12:17 what the Spirit says to the churches."'"
12:20 At the start of each message to the seven churches,
12:23 Jesus describes Himself in various ways.
12:26 Here He refers to Himself as "the Son of God,
12:29 "who has eyes like a flame of fire,
12:32 and His feet [are] like...brass."
12:35 He declares His divinity.
12:36 Remember, Revelation is the revealing of who Jesus is,
12:41 and the Thyatirans are reminded that He is the Son of God.
12:45 And He's the one whose eyes are "like a flame of fire."
12:49 That's a description for Jesus
12:50 that we find later on in the book of Revelation
12:53 at the time of His return to this earth.
12:56 I've mentioned before that the evidence
12:59 from the historical record indicates that these messages
13:02 were not only intended for the churches in Asia Minor
13:05 to which they were sent
13:07 but also for successive periods of Christian history.
13:11 We saw this particularly in the message
13:13 to the church of Smyrna, which spoke prophetically
13:16 of the 10-year persecution in the reign
13:19 of the Roman emperor Diocletian.
13:21 ♪[soft music]♪
13:22 The message to Pergamos gives evidence of its application
13:26 to the period in which the early church compromised
13:29 its integrity for the sake of acceptance
13:32 by the culture of its day.
13:34 And now the message to Thyatira gives evidence
13:37 of its prophetic application to the medieval church,
13:40 both to the faithful Christians who kept their faith
13:43 in the midst of terrible persecution
13:45 and the apostate majority who corrupted their faith
13:48 before the world.
13:50 First, we find Jesus praising His striving faithful:
13:53 "I know your works, love, service, faith,
13:57 and your patience."
13:59 This was a time in which committed Christians
14:01 were forced into exile,
14:03 when their possessions were confiscated,
14:06 their words misrepresented,
14:08 and their bodies often subjected to torture and death.
14:12 Many of them traveled to distant lands,
14:15 sharing copies of the Scriptures.
14:18 They had to endure the worst that any human could suffer.
14:22 So the Christians who suffered during this time
14:25 are saluted by Jesus for their patience.
14:29 The reason He says that the last works of these suffering saints
14:32 will be more than their first is because persecution and trial
14:37 bring refinement and character development.
14:40 Those whose faith had been preserved during this time
14:43 offered a witness to the world of greater faithfulness
14:46 and integrity because of what they had endured.
14:50 But Jesus had some very different words
14:53 for those who had perverted the Christian message
14:55 during the same time.
14:57 He says that this church had permitted
14:59 "that woman Jezebel, ...to teach and seduce my servants."
15:04 Jezebel was the pagan wife of Israel's king Ahab
15:08 during the days of the prophet Elijah.
15:10 And she led the children of Israel
15:12 into idolatry and sexual sin.
15:16 The worship of Baal and Ashtaroth was prominent
15:18 in the false worship she brought to God's people in those days.
15:22 And this worship frequently included immorality.
15:26 So, who or what is Jezebel?
15:30 We'll find out in just a moment.
15:33 ♪[music swells and ends]♪♪
15:41 ♪[ominous music]♪
15:42 >>John: "I know your works and where you dwell."
15:46 These are some of Christ's first words
15:48 to the ancient church of Pergamos.
15:51 Pergamos was filled with pagan temples,
15:54 one of which was dedicated to a god whose symbol was a serpent.
15:58 So what did Jesus have to say to early Christians in Pergamos?
16:03 "You hold fast to my name, and did not deny my faith,
16:07 "even in the days in which
16:08 "Antipas was my faithful martyr....
16:11 But I have a few things against you."
16:13 ♪[ominous music continues]♪
16:15 What pitfalls could a church that had been so recently
16:17 delivered from persecution stumble into?
16:21 And what does Christ promise to those who overcome?
16:24 Find out by watching
16:26 "The Seven Churches of Revelation: Pergamos"
16:30 and learn how you can be among the overcomers.
16:33 "The Seven Churches of Revelation: Pergamos,"
16:36 brought to you by It Is Written TV.
16:39 ♪[music ends]♪♪
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16:47 To support this international life-changing ministry,
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17:12 [traffic noise]
17:14 >>John Bradshaw: The early Christian church in Thyatira
17:16 had a growing problem.
17:19 They'd begun blending the worship of God
17:21 with the worship of pagan gods.
17:23 This was serious, and so God brings it up
17:26 in His message to the church.
17:28 Jesus rebukes Christians in Thyatira for allowing
17:32 the introduction of pagan teachings.
17:35 He references Jezebel.
17:38 Just as Jezebel was allowed in ancient Israel
17:40 to combine pagan worship with the worship of the true God,
17:45 the church of the Middle Ages blended true Christianity
17:49 with Greek philosophy and various pagan customs.
17:54 The worship of images, the veneration of saints,
17:57 human mediation for the forgiveness of sins,
18:00 the substitution of Sunday for the true Sabbath of the Bible--
18:04 all of these represented the illegitimate union
18:07 of true with false worship.
18:10 The Jezebel of the Old Testament
18:12 is a fitting symbol for this apostasy.
18:14 ♪[soft reflective music]♪
18:15 Jesus pledges to this church of corruption
18:18 that those promoting this apostasy
18:20 will suffer punishment and, some, death.
18:24 All, He says, will be rewarded "according to your works."
18:28 But "as many as do not have this doctrine"--that is,
18:31 the faithful Christians who kept alive
18:33 the testimony of Scripture--
18:35 are exhorted to "hold fast what you have."
18:39 Those who overcome are promised power over the nations.
18:44 The persecuted saints at Thyatira,
18:46 having suffered injustice and cruelty,
18:49 are told by their Savior
18:50 that one day the apostasy of this world will be behind them.
18:55 ♪[relaxing Middle-Eastern instrumental music]♪
19:01 Next, we're headed to the sixth church of Revelation:
19:05 the church of Philadelphia.
19:09 It's located southeast of Sardis
19:11 and northwest of Laodicea.
19:14 The name of the city, Philadelphia,
19:15 means "one who loves his brother" or "brotherly love."
19:19 ♪[music continues]♪
19:23 There's not much left today of ancient Philadelphia.
19:26 Throughout the city here
19:27 you can find remnants of the old city walls.
19:30 Way out there, there are some leftovers
19:33 of what was once a theater and perhaps a stadium,
19:36 but...this is really it.
19:39 What you see here are remnants of a Christian church--
19:43 not that church, not the one John wrote to.
19:45 This church dates to around the sixth century,
19:49 and you get the idea that it was
19:50 clearly a very impressive structure in its day.
19:54 When Polycarp, the bishop of Smyrna,
19:57 was martyred for his faith in the second century,
20:00 it's said that 11 Christians from Philadelphia
20:03 were martyred with him.
20:05 Like the message to the church of Smyrna,
20:07 the letter to the church of Philadelphia
20:09 contains no rebukes, only praises:
20:14 "And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write,
20:17 "'These things [say] He who is holy, He who is true,
20:22 "'"He who has the key of David, He who opens and no one shuts,
20:27 "'and shuts and no one opens": "I know your works.
20:31 "'"See, I have set before you an open door,
20:34 "'"and no one can shut it; for you have a little strength,
20:37 "'"have kept my word, and have not denied my name.
20:41 "'"Indeed I will make those of the synagogue of Satan,
20:43 "'"who say they are Jews and are not, but lie--indeed
20:47 "'"I will make them come and worship before your feet,
20:50 "'"and to know that I have loved you.
20:53 "'"Because you have kept my command to persevere,
20:56 "'"I will also keep you from the hour of trial
20:59 "'"which shall come upon the whole world,
21:02 "'"to test those who dwell on the earth.
21:04 "'"Behold, I...[come] quickly!
21:06 "'"Hold fast what you have, that no one may take your crown.
21:10 "'"He who overcomes, I will make him a pillar
21:13 "'"in the temple of my God, and he shall go out no more.
21:18 "'"I will write on him the name of my God
21:21 "'"and the name of the city of my God, the New Jerusalem,
21:24 "'"which comes down out of heaven from my God.
21:27 "'"And I will write on him my new name.
21:31 "'"He who has an ear, let him hear
21:33 what the Spirit says to the churches."'"
21:37 In AD 17, the city suffered terrible damage
21:40 from an earthquake.
21:42 Maybe this is the basis for Jesus' promise to the church
21:45 in Philadelphia:
21:46 "He who overcomes, I will make him a pillar
21:49 in the temple of my God, and he shall go out no more."
21:54 The idea of an open door is mentioned by Paul
21:57 with some frequency in the New Testament.
22:00 He said that at Ephesus "a great and effective door
22:03 has [been] opened to me"--
22:05 although he pointed out, "There are many adversaries."
22:08 He said "a door was opened" for him to preach the gospel
22:11 in Troas, and he asked the Colossian church to pray
22:13 "that God would open to us a door for the word,
22:17 to speak the mystery of Christ."
22:20 Looking now at Philadelphia as representative of the church
22:24 at the end of the Dark Ages, this is the time period
22:28 of those who witnessed the end of a time of great persecution.
22:32 There was a door opened before that church,
22:35 the door to share the gospel of Jesus.
22:38 And as Jesus is in heaven as High Priest, it could be said
22:41 this was a door opened to the sanctuary in heaven,
22:44 from where He ministers the merits of His shed blood.
22:47 [background traffic noise and wind]
22:51 There's never been any evidence uncovered
22:53 of there having been a synagogue here in Philadelphia.
22:57 Nevertheless, Jesus refers to "the synagogue of Satan."
23:01 What's He's doing is describing those
23:03 who falsely profess the Christian faith,
23:06 those who claim to be spiritual Jews but are not.
23:11 Ultimately, they'll acknowledge the error of their ways
23:14 and recognize that those they had despised for their fidelity
23:18 were right after all.
23:20 It might be that the primary message for the church today
23:22 is found in the name of this church itself.
23:26 Jesus says nothing critical
23:27 of a church characterized by love for others.
23:31 In the great conflict of the last days
23:33 described in Revelation, there are those who receive
23:35 the seven last plagues-- the lost--and the saved,
23:40 "those who keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus."
23:44 Jesus is reminding us here that it's not enough
23:46 to simply be right.
23:48 In fact, a saved person can't be "right"
23:51 without having the love of Jesus in their heart.
23:54 Truth and love matter.
23:57 According to Jesus, God wants His people to worship Him
24:00 "in spirt and [in] truth."
24:03 And a church that has before it an open door
24:06 will go through that open door to proclaim the gospel
24:09 if it has love in its heart.
24:12 [bird squawks in background]
24:13 Jesus says to the church of brotherly love,
24:16 "Hold on tight to what you've got; don't let it go;
24:20 don't let anybody take your crown."
24:22 And He reminds them that He's coming again soon.
24:25 There's a lot in that.
24:26 Motivated by brotherly love, we, as believers in Jesus,
24:30 ought to want to see others know Jesus as we do
24:34 and enter into a saving relationship with Him.
24:37 And then we're to remember: Time is almost up.
24:40 He says, "Hold fast."
24:43 I know there are days that it's difficult to do that,
24:45 where faith seems harder to come by;
24:47 life seems as though it's conspiring against you.
24:51 But Jesus says, "Here's what you do. You just hold tight."
24:55 And you know that He'll never let you go.
24:57 We have moments until the return of Jesus.
25:00 His encouragement to His people today:
25:02 "Hold on tight." He's coming back soon.
25:07 >>Announcer 1: For 2,000 years it's been the hope
25:09 of the Christian church.
25:11 It's a major theme of the Bible
25:13 and the focal point of the book of Revelation:
25:15 the return of Jesus to the world.
25:18 Call now for your free copy of "The Soon Return of Jesus."
25:22 Learn what the Bible says on this vital subject
25:24 and untangle many modern myths.
25:26 Call 800-253-3000.
25:29 That's 800-253-3000.
25:32 Or visit us online at iiwoffer.com.
25:38 ♪[soft somber piano music]♪
25:41 [goat-bells jingling, goat bleats]
25:43 [waves crash on shore]
25:48 >>John Bradshaw: The apostle John was exiled here
25:50 to the island of Patmos.
25:52 It was John who wrote the Gospel of John,
25:54 the epistles First, Second, and Third John,
25:57 and here on Patmos he wrote the book of Revelation.
26:00 He could stand on this island in the Aegean
26:03 and look eastward towards Asia Minor,
26:05 his heart desirous for the seven churches there,
26:09 wishing that they'd learn the lessons Jesus had for them
26:11 so that their "calling and election [might be] sure"--
26:16 and that ours might be also.
26:19 While he was separated from the churches,
26:22 his heart was very much with them.
26:24 While we are separated physically from God,
26:27 God's heart is still very much with you.
26:31 And He wants you to receive the blessings
26:34 that the book of Revelation speaks of--and to be ready
26:37 for that great day when Jesus returns to take you home.
26:42 Let's pray together.
26:44 Our Father in heaven,
26:45 in Jesus' name we come to You.
26:48 And here I am in the very place where John wrote
26:50 the book of Revelation, where You showed him
26:53 "things which must shortly come to pass,"
26:57 where You communicated to us
26:58 of Your great desire that we spend eternity with You.
27:03 So give us grace now to yield our hearts
27:07 to the Christ of Revelation,
27:09 that the great promises of Revelation--
27:12 the return of Jesus, the eternal kingdom,
27:15 and earth made new--might be experienced by us.
27:20 I'm praying now for that person whose faith is wavery,
27:23 that person who feels like he or she might not be worthy.
27:27 Remind them that in Christ they are worthy.
27:30 In Christ they have salvation.
27:33 Would You take our hearts, I pray, and keep them forever,
27:36 in Jesus' name.
27:38 Amen.
27:40 Thanks so much for joining me.
27:41 I'm looking forward to seeing you again next time.
27:43 Until then, remember:
27:45 "It is written, 'Man shall not live by bread alone,
27:49 but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.'"
27:54 ♪[dramatic, triumphant theme music]♪
28:26 ♪[music ends]♪♪


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Revised 2023-09-08