Participants:
Series Code: IIW
Program Code: IIW022255S
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00:14 ♪[music ends]♪♪
00:19 ♪[solemn orchestral music]♪ 00:23 [click of turning on lamp] 00:28 >>John Bradshaw: This is It Is Written. 00:30 I'm John Bradshaw. Thanks for joining me. 00:33 [swishing of booklets and papers] 00:36 You might call it the midnight of American history. 00:41 It's one of the most discussed, 00:43 written about, and documented subjects 00:46 in the whole of the American experience. 00:50 [sound of pages flipping] It's a story that stretches 00:52 from the early 17th century 00:54 to the passage of the 13nth amendment 00:56 to the Constitution in 1865 after the end of the Civil War-- 01:00 in truth, even beyond that time. 01:03 [scribbling pen, creaking hinge] ♪[soft piano music]♪ 01:06 The dehumanizing darkness of this "peculiar institution," 01:10 as some have called it, [clinking chains] 01:11 is well known to us today. 01:17 There seems to be some flaw in the human psyche 01:19 that enables people of all backgrounds 01:21 to engage in a system like this. 01:24 [clinking chains] 01:25 Slavery has existed 01:27 since virtually the dawn of civilization. [cracking whip] 01:30 The Roman Empire was built on the back of slavery. 01:34 The New Testament book of Philemon 01:35 is the story of a runaway slave. 01:38 Slavery was practiced in Africa, New Zealand, South America, 01:42 the Caribbean, and Europe. 01:44 People of multiple races have enslaved others, 01:47 and the enslaved have over time been people 01:49 of every conceivable ethnicity. It's very much a human issue. 01:55 In the midst of the dark night of American slavery, 01:58 there were glimmers of hope. 02:01 Abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison, 02:04 Harriet Beecher Stowe, and South Carolina-born sisters 02:07 Sarah and Angelina Grimké devoted themselves to abolition, 02:12 and not only spoke but also wrote against slavery 02:15 in newspapers, books, and pamphlets. 02:19 And the actions of some went beyond the page 02:22 and the lecture hall to the tracks of something 02:25 that became known as the Underground Railroad. 02:29 Today the Underground Railroad is well known, 02:32 with figures such as the incomparable Harriet Tubman, 02:35 who journeyed into the South to help lead escapees to the North. 02:40 Runaways were hidden in safe houses, behind false walls, 02:44 in attics, or underneath floorboards to evade capture. 02:48 The Underground Railroad was not just one route 02:51 running from the South to the North. 02:54 Instead, the Underground Railroad 02:56 was a number of different networks that operated 02:59 to assist slaves in their incredibly high-stakes quest 03:04 for freedom. 03:05 And while some escaping slaves stayed and made lives 03:08 in the free northern states, many continued on to Canada, 03:12 where there was not the fear of being caught 03:14 and returned to the South under the U.S. fugitive slave laws, 03:19 laws which allowed for the capture and return 03:21 of the enslaved, even if they were found in a free state, 03:25 and which imposed penalties 03:27 on those caught aiding their flight. 03:30 Escape via the Underground Railroad 03:32 came about in various ways. 03:35 Sometimes abolitionists, both black and white, 03:38 would physically travel into the South to lead runaways 03:41 to safe places in the North, 03:43 where they would be helped still further north by others. 03:46 In other instances, slaves used codes to learn specific routes, 03:51 locations, and other information for the best times 03:55 and ways to escape. 03:56 These codes were shared through commonly used words 03:59 and phrases, through songs, and possibly even through quilts. 04:04 It's believed the Ross code was created by Alexander Ross, 04:09 an antislavery activist from Canada. 04:12 In their book "Hidden in Plain View," 04:14 Jacqueline Tobin and Raymond Dobard explain that the code 04:18 utilized both numbers and poetic descriptions. 04:21 The code, which would have been memorized, 04:24 told both escaping slaves and Underground Railroad agents 04:27 that Cleveland, Ohio, was called "Hope." 04:31 Sandusky, Ohio, was known as "Sunrise." 04:35 And Detroit, Michigan, was dubbed "Midnight." 04:38 The entryways into Canada were designated by words of praise 04:42 and thanksgiving to God. 04:44 "Glory to God" meant Windsor, Ontario. 04:47 And "God be praised" stood for Port Stanley. 04:50 In fact, when runaways left "Midnight"-- 04:53 that's Detroit, Michigan-- 04:55 a good number of them crossed into Canada and went to "Dawn," 04:59 a settlement created specifically 05:00 for escaped slaves in Ontario-- 05:03 which means fugitives traveling this specific route 05:06 were going from "Midnight" to "Dawn"-- 05:10 from the dark night of oppression 05:12 to the dawning of a new hope and new life 05:15 across the Detroit River. 05:17 ♪[soft uplifting orchestral music]♪ 05:20 Coded language was also used in songs. 05:23 According to historians, 05:25 the lyrics of many of the spirituals 05:27 that came out of this era and which described salvation 05:30 also contained phrases that helped slaves remember 05:33 how and when to escape from slave territory-- 05:37 for example, the lyrics of "Steal Away to Jesus." 05:41 ♪[soft music]♪ [insects rasping and chirping] 05:43 [America Wilson recites lyrics] "Steal away, 05:47 "steal away, 05:51 "steal away to Jesus. 05:58 "Steal away, ♪[tune played on piano]♪ 06:01 "steal away home. 06:06 I ain't got long to stay here. " 06:10 >>John: There's an obvious spiritual meaning 06:13 to these lyrics, but it's said that within these words 06:17 are coded instructions for escape. 06:20 Tobin and Dobard explain: 06:22 "'He calls me by the thunder' is interpreted by several writers 06:25 "as an indication to leave during a rainstorm. 06:28 "To do so would ensure...dogs would have no scent to pick up 06:32 "and that any footprints would be washed away. 06:35 "Thunderstorms tend to take place in spring or in autumn 06:38 "when the seasons are changing. 06:40 "'Green trees bending' is a sign of springtime," 06:43 the time suggested to leave the plantation. 06:46 The words of the chorus represent escaping sin 06:49 by finding freedom in the grace and salvation of Jesus 06:54 and also escaping slavery to freedom 06:56 by following the spirituals' coded instructions. 07:00 According to some historians, 07:02 quilts may also have contained similar coded directions. 07:07 While the theory is debated among historians, 07:10 the quilt code idea has become a celebrated part 07:13 of the story of the Underground Railroad. 07:16 The different patterns on quilts 07:17 may have communicated instructions. 07:20 A series of quilts may have given instructions 07:23 in a step-by-step manner. 07:25 On one day a quilt with a specific pattern 07:28 would be put outside over a fence to be aired out. 07:31 The next day, another quilt would take its place. 07:35 Anyone seeing the monkey wrench pattern would know 07:38 that they should collect supplies for the trip north. 07:41 The wagon wheel was the sign to pack. 07:43 The tumbling boxes pattern was the sign to go. 07:47 As desperate as escaping was, 07:50 it was often considered to be better than the alternative. 07:54 There's something placed by God inside the human heart, 07:58 a yearning to be free. 08:01 The Underground Railroad helped many to find that freedom. 08:07 Along the way, the Underground Railroad 08:09 produced some outsized personalities. 08:12 We'll meet two of them in just a moment. 08:14 ♪[music swells and ends]♪♪ 08:25 >>Announcer: Freedom--it's something we all want: 08:27 freedom from stress, from life's troubles. 08:30 But did you know the Bible offers us 08:32 an all-encompassing kind of freedom? 08:34 Learn more by requesting today's free offer, 08:37 "Steps to Salvation," 08:38 by calling 800-253-3000 08:41 or visiting us online at iiwoffer.com 08:45 and see how Jesus Himself shows us 08:48 how to live a life of true freedom. 08:51 Learn how to be truly free. 08:55 >>John Bradshaw: Thanks for joining me on It Is Written. 08:57 Imagine for just a moment 08:59 that you grew up enslaved in the American South 09:02 and somehow you found a way to escape [horse neighs] 09:06 to free territory in the North. [horse galloping] 09:08 Some who did that risked their freedom and their lives 09:12 to try to save family members and others 09:15 who were still enslaved. 09:16 [crickets chirping] ♪[soft piano music]♪ 09:17 Among those who took that risk was a man named John Parker. 09:24 Parker helped many runaways-- [baby cries] 09:27 on one occasion rescued a baby 09:30 from a plantation master's bedroom. [baby cries again] 09:34 Parker's story is told by Ann Hagedorn in her book 09:37 "Beyond the River: the Untold Story of the Heroes 09:40 of the Underground Railroad." 09:43 Born into slavery in the South 09:44 about 30 years before the Civil War, 09:48 Parker was separated from his family as a young boy 09:50 when he was sold to a plantation owner in Alabama. 09:56 He eventually learned to read. [birdsong] 09:57 He escaped three times. 10:00 Parker purchased his liberty, [coins clinking] 10:03 and then he moved to Cincinnati in the free state of Ohio. 10:07 [knocking, door creaking open] 10:10 When another freed slave in Cincinnati approached Parker 10:14 asking for his help to bring two women across the Ohio River 10:17 from the slave state of Kentucky, 10:20 Parker flat out refused. 10:22 Aiding runaways was a dangerous business. 10:25 Slave catchers were paid to patrol roads and riverbanks 10:28 in the South, and they came up into the North as well, 10:31 chasing after what slaveholders saw as their property. 10:35 If a freed black man were caught helping runaway slaves, 10:39 he could be sold into slavery again. 10:42 Parker simply didn't want to take that risk. 10:48 ♪[soft piano and orchestral music]♪ 10:51 But he relented, and that experience whet his appetite 10:54 for working on the Underground Railroad. 10:57 He became a well-known conductor, 10:59 described by one historian as "one of the most daring men 11:04 on the Underground Railroad." 11:06 As his work as a conductor increased, 11:08 Parker and his wife moved here to Ripley, a small town 11:13 on the Ohio River at a major crossing point for runaways. 11:17 They started a family. 11:18 John began a successful iron foundry. 11:22 He was a very capable man, 11:24 one of the few African Americans to patent an invention 11:27 before the year 1900. 11:30 When the sun went down at the end of the work day, 11:32 Parker helped runaways get across the river 11:35 into safe houses in free territory. 11:38 He would even cross over into Kentucky 11:40 to prepare would-be fugitives for their journey 11:43 or to accompany them to freedom. 11:46 On one occasion, [door creaking] Parker traveled into Kentucky 11:50 in the dead of night to help bring a young couple 11:54 and their baby into Ohio. Now, days before, 11:58 the slaveholder had become mistrustful of the couple. 12:01 So, in an attempt to discourage them from trying to escape, 12:06 he took their baby and had it sleep next to his bed at night. 12:11 ♪[solemn music]♪ [crickets chirping] 12:13 When John Parker arrived and learned what had happened, 12:16 rather than calling off the escape attempt, 12:19 he crept as quietly as he could into the owner's bedroom, 12:23 grabbed the baby, and ran, 12:26 narrowly avoiding being shot when the slave owner awakened. 12:30 All four made it safely across the river here to Ripley. 12:36 For the couple and their baby, 12:37 it was the beginning of a brand new life. [baby coos] 12:41 It was the dawn of a new hope. [baby coos again] 12:45 Another major abolitionist figure here in Ripley 12:48 was a Presbyterian minister named John Rankin. 12:51 He moved here after leaving his home in Tennessee, 12:54 where his preaching that slaveholding was a sin 12:58 made him unpopular with the locals. 13:00 One of the reasons Rankin relocated his family here 13:03 to this home in this spot is that his first home 13:07 down by the river was too accessible to people 13:09 who would stop by and demand information about fugitives. 13:14 The staircase outside his home was known as 13:16 the "100 steps to freedom." 13:19 After emerging from the Ohio River, 13:21 fugitives would walk up these steps and towards a lit lantern 13:25 hanging in a window of this house. 13:28 There were times Rankin housed as many as a dozen runaways 13:31 in this home at one time. 13:33 While here in Ripley, 13:34 Rankin wouldn't let slave owners join his congregations. 13:37 He even helped form a new denomination, 13:40 the Free Presbyterian Church. It campaigned against slavery. 13:45 When his own brother became a slave holder in Virginia, 13:48 Rankin wrote letters to his brother attempting to help him 13:51 to see the error of his ways. 13:54 Those letters were published in a book, 13:56 which was then widely circulated. 13:59 Rankin fought slavery for more than four decades. 14:02 In fact, he was the inspiration for a key figure 14:05 in Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin." 14:10 He and John Parker helped 2,000 runaways find freedom. 14:15 His great-grandson told a Connecticut newspaper 14:18 that the term "Underground Railroad" 14:20 was first coined here in Ripley and that when someone 14:24 asked the abolitionist Henry Ward Beecher 14:27 who abolished slavery, Beecher responded, 14:32 "John Rankin and his sons." 14:35 The Underground Railroad is a remarkable story, 14:38 a story centered around freedom and the desire to be free-- 14:42 in fact, more correctly, the right to be free. 14:45 Given that the Declaration of Independence states 14:47 that liberty is an "unalienable right." 14:51 The greatest story ever told is the story of freedom. 14:57 The Bible is more than just a collection of books. 14:59 It's, it's more than just an assortment of doctrines 15:02 or principles or ideals. 15:04 The Bible itself is a story, an overarching narrative 15:08 concerning a Savior who came to this world 15:12 to secure a freedom for all who want to be free. 15:16 The old story, rightly understood, 15:18 is one of an almighty and loving God who intentionally 15:22 created humankind to live in a world of light and liberty. 15:28 Even though the human family rebelled 15:30 and betrayed that liberty, 15:32 even though they traded their God-given freedom 15:34 for the chains of oppression and are subject to sin, 15:38 the heart of the God of heaven 15:40 beats with a desire to see you free--eternally. 15:46 We'll talk about that in just a moment. 15:48 ♪[music swells and ends]♪♪ 15:58 >>Announcer: Freedom--it's something we all want: 16:00 freedom from stress, from life's troubles. 16:03 But did you know the Bible offers us 16:05 an all-encompassing kind of freedom? 16:07 Learn more by requesting today's free offer, 16:10 "Steps to Salvation," 16:11 by calling 800-253-3000 16:15 or visiting us online at iiwoffer.com 16:19 and see how Jesus Himself shows us 16:21 how to live a life of true freedom. 16:24 Learn how to be truly free. 16:28 >>John Bradshaw: He was raised in poverty, 16:30 born into a life that was supposed to guarantee 16:32 he didn't have a future. 16:34 But when a young boy from Alabama moved with his family 16:36 to Cleveland, Ohio, everything changed 16:40 as Jesse Owens ran and jumped into the pages of history. 16:44 Join me for "Running the Race," 16:46 the story of a young man who overcame impossible odds, 16:50 winning four Olympic gold medals 16:52 and delivering a knockout blow 16:53 to Adolf Hitler's master race theories. 16:56 The story of Jesse Owens' victories against all odds 16:59 speak to the experience of salvation. 17:01 All have sinned, and yet all may have everlasting life 17:04 through faith in Jesus. 17:06 Even when others say you don't deserve eternity, 17:09 Jesus steps in to offer you everlasting life. 17:12 Don't miss "Running the Race," 17:15 the inspiring story of improbable victories 17:18 on the track, in life, and where it matters most. 17:22 "Running the Race," 17:23 brought to you by It Is Written TV. 17:28 ♪[synth music]♪ [birdsong, water flowing] 17:30 >>John Bradshaw: The sin that now binds the human race 17:32 came into the world when Adam and Eve, 17:34 at the bidding of the serpent, 17:36 made the choice to distrust their Creator 17:39 and eat the forbidden fruit. 17:41 Later, in the cool of the day, God spoke with them, 17:44 and upon their admission of guilt, 17:46 He announced to Adam, Eve, and the serpent 17:49 that conflict would ensue. 17:51 In Genesis 3:15, God says, 17:53 "I will put enmity between you and the woman, 17:55 and between your seed and her Seed." 17:58 [whoosh of car passing by] 18:00 Enmity is a state of constant conflict or war. 18:04 And this conflict is between Eve and the serpent. 18:08 The book of Revelation describes the serpent as 18:11 "the great dragon [that] was cast out, 18:14 "that old serpent, called the devil, and Satan, 18:17 which deceives the whole world." 18:21 Jesus called him "the prince of this world." 18:24 Now, ultimately the conflict is not just between Eve 18:27 and the serpent. 18:28 It's between her descendants and spiritual darkness. 18:32 You could say, between her descendants and sin. 18:36 ♪[soft music]♪ 18:37 So the conflict extends way beyond Adam and Eve's time 18:41 on this earth. 18:43 Their children and their children's children 18:48 would be caught up in the same struggle. 18:51 Revelation 12:17, 18:53 "And the dragon was enraged with the woman, 18:55 "and he went to make war with the rest of her offspring, 18:58 "who keep the commandments of God 19:01 and have the testimony of Jesus Christ." 19:04 You and I are now in the midst of this conflict. 19:08 And the first step to gaining our freedom 19:10 from the prince of this world and the power of sin 19:14 is to acknowledge our condition, 19:16 to remember that we are indeed slaves to sin. 19:21 Jesus Himself outlined the truth of our condition 19:24 in John 8:34. 19:26 "Most assuredly, I say to you, 19:28 whoever commits sin is a slave of sin." 19:31 And Romans 3:23 makes it clear that "all have sinned 19:35 and fall short of the glory of God." 19:37 [whoosh of traffic] 19:39 "Now, how can that be?" you might ask. 19:41 "I'm not a slave, nor am I oppressed. 19:44 "I'm the master of my own destiny, 19:46 and I get to decide how that plays out." 19:49 Well, on the surface, that might seem to be true. 19:52 But the fact of the matter is every person alive is a sinner. 19:57 And those who choose to remain in their sins 20:00 ultimately become more and more shackled by them. 20:03 ♪[soft music]♪ 20:05 But the story doesn't have to end there. 20:07 We're not destined to remain enslaved. 20:10 There's a Chief Conductor, Jesus Christ. 20:13 And when you acknowledge your sinful condition, 20:16 you can call on Him to free you from your shackles. 20:19 What makes Him the Greatest Conductor of all? 20:22 He never knew sin 20:24 and was never bound by the prince of this world. 20:28 Yet just as John Parker chose to cross state lines 20:31 and risk his freedom in an attempt to free the enslaved, 20:36 Jesus chose of His own free will to leave the light of heaven 20:40 and cross over into enemy territory, 20:43 where He would offer a world held captive 20:47 freedom from sin. 20:50 He announced His mission and objective 20:52 when He confirms that He is the very fulfillment 20:56 of the Old Testament prophecy of the Messiah 20:59 found in Isaiah 61:1, 21:01 "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, 21:04 "because the Lord has anointed me 21:05 "to preach good tidings to the poor; 21:09 "He has sent me to heal the brokenhearted, 21:11 "to proclaim liberty to the captives, 21:14 and the opening of the prison to those who are bound." 21:18 ♪[soft music]♪ [crickets chirping] 21:20 And while freedom via the Underground Railroad 21:22 afforded slaves personal liberty and the hope of a new beginning, 21:26 the freedom Jesus Christ offers 21:28 comes with the greatest gift of all. 21:31 Romans 6, verse 20 tells us, 21:33 "For when you were slaves of sin, 21:35 "you were free in regard to righteousness.... 21:38 "But now having been set free from sin, 21:41 "and having become slaves of God, 21:43 "you have your fruit to holiness, 21:46 "and the end, everlasting life. For the wages of sin is death, 21:51 but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." 21:58 So how do you obtain this freedom, 22:01 this remarkable gift of everlasting life? 22:05 You simply choose to follow Jesus. 22:08 You do what so many did in the American South so long ago: 22:12 They shed their chains 22:15 and escaped to freedom via the Underground Railroad. 22:19 And necessarily, what follows the choice to be free 22:22 is preparation for the journey 22:24 from slave territory to free territory. 22:28 For the slave, preparation meant having secret meetings, 22:31 packing supplies, learning the best routes and times 22:34 to escape, and memorizing the codes that were found 22:37 in language, song lyrics, and perhaps quilt patterns. 22:41 Without this preparation, any escape was likely to fail. 22:46 Now, if you want to experience freedom from sin, 22:49 preparation is important. 22:52 Thankfully, God has given you a road map for your journey 22:54 from earth to heaven, and that's the Bible, 22:57 complete with instructions and signs. 23:00 For your trip from here to there, from slavery to freedom, 23:05 the Bible tells you everything you need to know. 23:08 For example, 1 John 1:9 tells us how to approach God 23:12 with a repentant heart: 23:13 "If we confess our sins, 23:15 "He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins 23:18 and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness." 23:21 Micah 6:8 reveals what kind of life the Lord wishes us to live: 23:25 "He has shown you, O man, what is good; 23:27 "and what does the Lord require of you 23:29 "but to do justly, to love mercy, 23:31 and to walk humbly with your God?" 23:34 The books of Daniel and Revelation 23:36 include prophetic codes and signs, which help to prepare us 23:39 for the final scenes of earth's history, 23:41 some of which we're seeing unfold before us 23:44 and some of which are still to come. 23:47 Our work of preparation as followers of Christ 23:49 necessitates the study and understanding of Scripture. 23:53 But there's one more part of this process. 23:56 Just as some former slaves, like John Parker, made it to freedom 24:00 and turned right back around to aid other enslaved people 24:03 through the Underground Railroad, 24:05 we, too, must go back for others. 24:09 You see, the plan of salvation is twofold. 24:12 First, Jesus delivers you from the bondage of sin. 24:16 And then He desires your participation in leading others 24:20 into freedom. He calls you into His work. 24:25 If you're willing, He'll make you a conductor, 24:28 who, with His help, will lead others out of slavery 24:33 and into freedom, into His marvelous light. 24:38 This work is more urgent than ever because the hour is late. 24:42 The signs of Christ's second coming are all around us. 24:47 Romans 13:11 and 12, 24:50 "And do this, knowing the time, 24:52 "that now it is high time to awake out of sleep; 24:55 "for now our salvation is nearer than when we first believed. 24:59 "The night is far spent, the day is at hand. 25:03 "Therefore let us cast off the works of darkness, 25:06 and let us put on the armor of light." 25:10 It was right there that anxious fugitives 25:14 made their last desperate dash to freedom. 25:19 ♪[soft orchestral music]♪ 25:20 Will you choose freedom today? 25:23 To travel with Christ, the Chief Conductor, 25:25 from midnight to dawn, 25:29 will you steal away to Jesus? 25:32 As the old song says, "We ain't got long to stay here." 25:38 ♪[music ends]♪♪ 25:40 >>John: Thank you for remembering that It Is Written 25:42 exists because of the kindness of people just like you. 25:46 To support this international life-changing ministry, 25:49 please call us now at 800-253-3000. 25:53 You can send your tax-deductible gift 25:55 to the address on your screen, 25:56 or you can visit us online at itiswritten.com. 26:00 Thank you for your prayers and for your financial support. 26:03 Our number again is 800-253-3000, 26:07 or you can visit us online at itiswritten.com. 26:11 >>John: Let me pray with you now. 26:13 Our Father in heaven, 26:14 we thank You today that in Jesus we have freedom. 26:17 Oh, we get distracted by this world, sometimes deceived. 26:20 We think we are free here 26:22 when really You are waiting to liberate us 26:24 and get us from this world into the world to come. 26:27 Friend, as I pray, would you pray? 26:29 Would you reach out to Jesus? 26:31 Would you say, "Lord, I'm Yours"? 26:32 Would you say, "I accept Jesus as my Savior"? 26:34 Would you say, "I want to go from midnight to dawn"? 26:38 Or would you rededicate your life to Jesus right now? 26:41 We thank You that Jesus said, 26:42 "If the Son [therefore will make] you free, 26:44 you shall be free indeed." 26:47 We accept the freedom You offer us. 26:49 And we thank You, 26:51 and we pray in Jesus' name. 26:55 Amen. 26:56 Thank you so much for joining me. 26:57 I'm looking forward to seeing you again next time. 27:00 Until then, remember: 27:02 "It is written, 'Man shall not live by bread alone, 27:06 but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.'" 27:10 [insects rasping and chirping] 27:11 ♪[soft synth music]♪ 27:14 [America Wilson sings "Steal Away"] ♪ Steal away, ♪ 27:19 ♪ steal away, ♪ 27:26 ♪ steal away to Jesus. ♪ 27:34 ♪ Steal away, ♪ 27:38 ♪ steal away home. ♪ [birdsong] 27:43 ♪ I ain't got long to stay here. ♪ 27:52 ♪ Green trees are bending; ♪ 27:58 ♪ poor sinners stand a-trembling; ♪ 28:04 ♪ the trumpet sounds within my soul; ♪ 28:12 ♪ I ain't got long ♪ 28:16 ♪ to stay here. ♪♪ 28:24 ♪[music ends]♪♪ |
Revised 2023-02-01