It Is Written

The Trail of Tears

Three Angels Broadcasting Network

Program transcript

Participants:

Series Code: IIW

00:19 >>John Bradshaw: This is It Is Written.
00:20 I'm John Bradshaw. Thanks for joining me.
00:24 You can't hear the sounds now, but you can imagine.
00:28 This is, or was, New Echota.
00:32 For a time, for one people group,
00:35 it was the center of the world.
00:38 In 1825, New Echota became the capital of the Cherokee Nation.
00:42 There was a courthouse here.
00:44 The first Indian-language newspaper was printed here.
00:47 There was a council house.
00:48 The home of missionary Samuel Worcester was here.
00:51 There were stores.
00:53 It was a small sort of settlement,
00:54 but extraordinarily important.
00:57 And when councils were held here,
00:59 hundreds of Cherokee would gather.
01:01 But eventually, soldiers would fill this place,
01:04 and the people for whom these lands had been home
01:07 for hundreds or, or thousands of years,
01:10 would be removed and marched 800 miles
01:13 on what the Cherokee would call "Nunna daul Tsuny,"
01:17 "The Place Where They Cried."
01:19 We know it today as the Trail of Tears.
01:23 Entire people groups would be dispossessed of their land.
01:26 Thousands would die in a series of acts of gross inhumanity.
01:32 The United States had been populated by Native Americans,
01:36 American Indians.
01:38 Hundreds of tribes lived across what would become
01:40 the 49 states, with Hawaii being the exception.
01:44 From the Wabanaki in Maine in the Northeast
01:47 to the Navajo and the Chumash in the Southwest,
01:50 from the Muckleshoot and the Quinault in Washington
01:53 and the Aleuts and Athabascans in Alaska
01:56 to the Seminoles in Florida in the Southeast,
01:59 North America was Indian country.
02:03 Europeans first came to what we'd now call the United States
02:07 early in the 1500s.
02:09 Settling here didn't come easy,
02:12 and to begin with, it didn't go well at all.
02:15 The Calusa people resisted attempts made by Ponce de León
02:19 to settle in Florida, and he left.
02:22 Other conquistadors and explorers followed in his wake:
02:26 Verrazzano, Gómez.
02:28 De Soto explored the Southeast from Florida to Arkansas,
02:32 becoming likely the first European
02:34 to cross the Mississippi.
02:36 Spanish settlers founded St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565,
02:41 and in 1585, British settlers attempted to establish
02:45 a colony on Roanoke Island, on what today we call
02:48 the Outer Banks of North Carolina,
02:50 incidentally, just 10 miles or so from where
02:53 the Wright Brothers would become the first in flight.
02:56 The first permanent European settlement in the Americas
03:00 was Jamestown, near present-day Williamsburg, Virginia,
03:04 established in 1607.
03:07 The Mayflower arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts,
03:09 in 1620, and there could be no going back.
03:13 For the settlers, there was a massive expanse to explore
03:17 and tame and...colonize.
03:21 But there was a delicate question:
03:23 What to do about the people already living here?
03:27 American history is colored with stories romanticizing
03:30 the early settlement of this country:
03:33 stories about European-Native relations,
03:35 Pocahontas, and Squanto,
03:38 and cowboys and Indians in the Wild West.
03:41 But what can be easy to overlook is that the earliest inhabitants
03:44 of this land were real people, with real families,
03:48 and a very real way of life.
03:51 This was going to get difficult,
03:52 this question of the native peoples.
03:55 This was their land.
03:58 What do you do about that?
04:00 [rasping sound of cicadas]
04:02 President George Washington favored assimilation,
04:05 meaning that, over time, the native peoples and the Europeans
04:09 would become so intertwined
04:10 that they would basically become one people.
04:13 In other words, Indians would assimilate
04:16 into the European culture.
04:18 Their own culture would basically die out,
04:21 and the Europeans would end up with the land.
04:24 President Thomas Jefferson urged Indian tribes in the East
04:27 to relocate to the West.
04:30 He hoped that the Louisiana Purchase would provide land
04:33 for eastern tribes to voluntarily relocate.
04:36 Some did.
04:38 The government wanted Indians out of the East.
04:44 It's hard to say how many Indians were living
04:46 in what became the United States when Europeans first arrived.
04:50 No question it was in the millions,
04:53 maybe tens of millions.
04:54 But once Europeans arrived,
04:56 and along with them disease epidemics and then conquest,
05:01 those numbers plunged.
05:03 But there were more than enough Indians in North America to...
05:07 well, to get in the way, and they were in the way.
05:11 They were in the way of progress, as some saw it.
05:14 They were in the way of expansion and domination,
05:17 and they were in the way of power and wealth.
05:21 By the 19th century, there were five Native American tribes--
05:24 or nations actually--in the Southeast of the United States.
05:28 They were known as the Five Civilized Tribes.
05:32 They were the Chickasaw,
05:34 the Choctaw, the Creek,
05:36 the Seminole, and the Cherokee.
05:38 They had adopted Christianity to some extent.
05:41 There was literacy, intermarriage with whites,
05:44 and generally good relationships with Europeans
05:47 and the United States government.
05:49 The Cherokee in particular had adopted many European ways.
05:53 But in the 19th century, the federal government initiated
05:57 Indian removal, the forced relocation of the tribes,
06:01 or nations, living east of the Mississippi.
06:05 The government would compel people who had occupied
06:07 certain territory for hundreds, thousands of years
06:11 to leave their homes, their possessions, their land
06:14 and everything on it, and everything below it,
06:17 and move almost a thousand miles away--on foot.
06:23 Obtaining Indian land had been a stated goal
06:25 of the U.S. government since the 1790s, perhaps even before.
06:29 But in the 1800s,
06:31 the whole process was kicked into high gear.
06:34 Almost 40 different treaties
06:36 enacted between 1721 and 1819
06:39 saw Cherokee lands reduced drastically
06:42 from what they were before European settlement.
06:46 Much of the Cherokee land in Tennessee had been lost.
06:49 The land in Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia was lost.
06:54 The Cherokee lost 90 percent of their territory.
06:58 After he was elected the seventh president of the United States
07:01 in 1829, Andrew Jackson said during his inaugural address
07:06 that he wanted to "observe toward the Indian tribes
07:10 "within our limits a just and liberal policy,
07:14 "and to give that humane and considerate attention
07:16 "to their rights and their wants
07:18 "which is consistent with the habits of our Government
07:21 and the feelings of our people."
07:23 Some hoped this might mean the United States would honor
07:26 the numerous agreements and treaties it had already signed
07:29 with native peoples.
07:31 But that was not to be.
07:34 Things became truly dire for the Cherokee in 1829
07:38 when gold was discovered in northern Georgia.
07:41 The Georgia state legislature enacted
07:43 a series of draconian laws.
07:46 Cherokees could not dig for gold, for example.
07:49 A Cherokee couldn't testify against a white man in court.
07:52 Contracts between a Cherokee and a white man had to be witnessed
07:56 by two whites.
07:58 Cherokee land was sold to European settlers
08:00 through a lottery system.
08:03 Cherokee were driven from their homes;
08:05 often their homes were looted and burned.
08:09 A year later, May 28, 1830,
08:13 President Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act,
08:17 which stated the Five Civilized Nations would have to leave
08:20 their ancestral lands and move to present-day Oklahoma.
08:25 In 1835, a group of Cherokees signed the Treaty of New Echota
08:31 in a home right here, making the Trail of Tears an inevitability.
08:38 And God watched on,
08:40 hoping to see humanity rise to the occasion,
08:44 strengthening those in the position of weakness,
08:47 and hoping that those in authority would be humble enough
08:51 to act with dignity and fairness and honor.
08:55 God is familiar with tears.
08:59 I'll be back in just a moment.
09:01 ♪[music swells and ends]♪
09:10 >>John: There is power in the Word of God,
09:12 and power available to you through the promises of God.
09:17 God wants you to experience that power, and so do I.
09:20 I'd like you to have today's free offer,
09:22 "Promises of Power,"
09:23 new from It Is Written.
09:25 To receive "Promises of Power,"
09:26 call 800-253-3000.
09:29 You could write to the address on your screen
09:31 or visit us online at iiwoffer.com.
09:35 And be sure you receive "Promises of Power."
09:41 ♪[ominous music]♪
09:43 >>John Bradshaw: Thanks for joining me on It Is Written.
09:46 The New World was a vast expanse promising wealth and opportunity
09:50 to those who settled here.
09:52 But the reality for those who came to this new land was that
09:55 they'd invited themselves into someone else's backyard.
09:59 So the government of the United States,
10:01 along with state governments, were determined to move
10:04 the original habitants of this continent
10:06 off their ancestral land.
10:09 President Jackson's Indian removal bill, signed in 1830,
10:13 passed in the House of Representatives
10:15 by just five votes.
10:18 The Cherokee took the state of Georgia to court.
10:20 Supreme Court decisions meant that Georgia had no right
10:24 to enforce its laws in Cherokee territory.
10:27 A reprieve for the Cherokee.
10:30 But President Andrew Jackson,
10:32 President Andrew Jackson ignored the ruling of the Supreme Court.
10:39 The Cherokee would be rounded up and moved out.
10:44 Now, people everywhere knew that this was wrong.
10:47 This wasn't something which at the time
10:49 appeared less deplorable owing to the times
10:52 and was only seen for what it was many years later.
10:55 No, at the time, this was recognized by many
11:00 as a reprehensible, morally repugnant, criminal act.
11:05 But the people entrusted with the responsibility
11:08 to stop such actions wouldn't.
11:12 The Seminole would be removed from their home in Florida.
11:16 The Creek occupied parts of Georgia, Florida,
11:19 South Carolina, and Alabama.
11:21 The Choctaw were located mainly in Mississippi and Alabama.
11:24 The Chickasaw were in Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky,
11:28 while the Cherokee originally were in Tennessee,
11:31 North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,
11:34 parts of West Virginia, and Virginia as well.
11:38 All would have to leave.
11:41 Other smaller tribes to the north would also be removed,
11:44 but they were small enough that they couldn't really provide
11:46 any real resistance to the government.
11:49 The five larger tribes strongly resisted removal.
11:53 But by 1832, four of the five had signed treaties
11:57 with the government agreeing to move west.
12:00 What else could they really do?
12:02 Their removal was inevitable.
12:05 The Cherokee held out for several more years.
12:08 Their opposition was led by a man named John Ross,
12:11 who for nearly 40 years was the principal chief of the Cherokee.
12:15 Ross himself had felt the sting in the tail of the government.
12:19 After traveling to Washington to represent his people in 1833
12:23 in an attempt to stop their removal,
12:26 Ross returned home to Georgia to discover
12:29 that his plantation had been given away by lottery.
12:32 He found his family walking to Tennessee in the rain.
12:37 He moved to Tennessee and settled
12:39 in present-day Chattanooga.
12:42 This is the site of Ross's Landing.
12:44 Cherokee gathered here as they prepared to move west,
12:49 never again to see their homeland.
12:51 Now, not all Cherokee felt as Ross did.
12:54 Some felt that the prudent thing to do
12:56 would be to sign a treaty and move west,
12:59 believing that resisting the federal government was futile.
13:03 A small group of Cherokee signed a treaty with the government
13:06 at a council at New Echota.
13:08 The government would give the Cherokee $5 million,
13:11 a place to live, and the Cherokee would move.
13:15 The problem was the group who signed the treaty
13:18 were not authorized to do so.
13:20 John Ross traveled to Washington, D.C.,
13:22 to protest the treaty,
13:24 but he wasn't permitted to meet with the President.
13:27 The Senate approved the treaty by one vote,
13:32 and that was enough for Andrew Jackson,
13:33 who passed it into law.
13:35 Approximately 16,000 Cherokee would eventually sign a petition
13:39 protesting the treaty,
13:41 but new president Martin Van Buren ignored the petition.
13:47 Under General Winfield Scott, the Cherokee were rounded up
13:50 at military posts and taken to one of 11 camps
13:54 in Tennessee and Alabama.
13:56 They were typically kept in stockades.
13:58 The possessions they left behind were looted by settlers.
14:02 A soldier who had grown up among the Cherokee later said
14:06 that he "witnessed the execution of the most brutal order
14:10 "in the History of American Warfare.
14:12 "I saw the helpless Cherokees arrested and dragged
14:15 "from their homes, and driven at the bayonet point
14:18 "into the stockades.
14:20 "And in the chill of a drizzling rain on an October morning
14:23 "I saw them loaded like cattle or sheep
14:26 "into six hundred and forty-five wagons
14:29 and started toward the west."
14:32 By the end of June of 1838,
14:34 the last Cherokee had been expelled from Georgia.
14:38 Fifteen hundred departed from right here.
14:41 Their removal to the west was to be carried out by boat,
14:45 but a severe drought caused river levels to become so low
14:49 this wasn't possible.
14:50 It was also very hot that summer.
14:52 The forced removal would be delayed until later in the year.
14:56 Conditions in the Cherokee camps were...abysmal.
15:01 So Chief John Ross negotiated
15:03 for Cherokee to lead their own removal.
15:06 ♪[ominous music]♪
15:08 [traffic noise]
15:10 When the Cherokee finally left to head west
15:13 in October of 1838, rain and cold weather came.
15:18 The multiple groups took varying routes.
15:21 One group left from Fort Cass, Tennessee,
15:24 in what is present-day Charleston, Tennessee.
15:27 Those that would go to Oklahoma
15:29 via the northern land route assembled here.
15:32 Some sources say the majority of Cherokee were gathered
15:35 at the internment camp that was situated here.
15:38 General Winfield Scott's headquarters were here.
15:41 [rasping sound of cicadas]
15:43 Here at Blythe Ferry on the Hiwassee River,
15:46 many of the groups that left their ancestral homeland
15:49 crossed right here into an uncertain future.
15:53 The man who operated the ferry was William Blythe,
15:56 who, according to historians, left the area himself
15:59 and headed west with his Cherokee wife.
16:03 [footsteps]
16:05 ♪[ominous music]♪
16:07 The memorial here today features the names
16:09 of 2,500 heads of household.
16:13 Although there are no accurate records
16:15 for the numbers of deaths that resulted from the relocation,
16:18 it's generally believed that around 4,000
16:21 of the 16,542 Cherokees forcibly removed from their homeland
16:26 perished as a result of the Cherokee removal
16:29 in 1838 and 1839.
16:32 Of course, that number could be significantly higher.
16:35 The wife of John Ross was one who died along the way.
16:39 The Trail of Tears wasn't simply one road or trail
16:42 from the east to Oklahoma.
16:45 The Cherokee and those who traveled with them,
16:47 including slaves they owned, traveled in 17 or so groups
16:51 along three main land routes and a river route.
16:55 Those who traveled by land either walked
16:58 or traveled by wagon or on horseback.
17:01 Many of them traveled for more than three months
17:04 during what was an especially harsh winter.
17:09 Over the years, the Cherokee did whatever they could
17:12 to appease the people wanting their land.
17:14 They often ceded great chunks of land to the settlers
17:17 in an attempt to keep the peace.
17:20 But peace couldn't be kept.
17:22 It was land the settlers wanted, and they would get it.
17:26 And they did.
17:28 It reminds me of another land grab.
17:30 Someone who came from a faraway place to a land
17:34 that was not his own and claimed dominion he had no right to.
17:39 That story, however, has a happy ending,
17:42 because Somebody else came to the world
17:45 and walked His own trail of tears.
17:48 I'll have more in just a moment.
17:51 ♪[music swells and ends]♪
18:00 >>John: There is power in the Word of God,
18:02 and power available to you through the promises of God.
18:07 God wants you to experience that power, and so do I.
18:10 I'd like you to have today's free offer,
18:11 "Promises of Power,"
18:13 new from It Is Written.
18:15 To receive "Promises of Power,"
18:16 call 800-253-3000.
18:19 You could write to the address on your screen
18:21 or visit us online at iiwoffer.com.
18:25 And be sure you receive "Promises of Power."
18:30 >>John: Join me on It Is Written
18:32 for one of the great chapters of the Bible:
18:35 Isaiah chapter 53.
18:37 Isaiah has been called the gospel prophet
18:39 because how he repeatedly brings Jesus to light
18:43 throughout the book of Isaiah,
18:45 and there's no chapter in the book of Isaiah
18:46 where he does that more than Isaiah chapter 53.
18:50 Isaiah 53 has been quoted in the New Testament numerous times,
18:54 and you see why when you study God's Word
18:57 and focus on Isaiah chapter 53.
19:00 It's about Jesus Christ crucified,
19:03 the One who died for the sins of the world.
19:06 The Jesus that you and I know is coming back to this world
19:10 to take us home.
19:11 Don't miss "Great Chapters of the Bible: Isaiah [Chapter] 53."
19:17 You will be moved. You'll be blessed.
19:19 And you will be encouraged in faith in God.
19:23 "Great Chapters of the Bible: Isaiah 53."
19:26 Watch now on It Is Written TV.
19:30 >>John Bradshaw: The Trail of Tears was the forced removal
19:33 of the Five Civilized Tribes from the American Southeast.
19:38 They were far from the only tribes removed and dispossessed
19:41 of their ancient lands.
19:42 But the Cherokee were the last to be removed.
19:45 They were taken from various locations.
19:48 The vast majority walked the 800 miles to what would become
19:52 their new home in Oklahoma.
19:54 Thousands died along the way.
19:58 Before the journey began, they were kept in hideous conditions
20:00 in internment camps.
20:03 Forty minutes from Ross's Landing is Red Clay State Park.
20:08 It's where the Cherokee national government met for the last time
20:11 before the enforcement of the Indian Removal Act.
20:15 Between 1832 and 1837, a dozen or so general councils
20:19 were held right here.
20:22 Thousands of Cherokee would attend,
20:24 again and again rejecting the proposed agreements
20:27 to surrender their land and move west.
20:30 The Trail of Tears really began here.
20:33 An eternal flame burns here at Red Clay,
20:36 a perpetual memorial to those who suffered and died
20:39 during the atrocity.
20:43 Now, sometimes in stories like this you find a silver lining.
20:46 "Well, at least this happened."
20:49 Except there's no silver lining in this story,
20:51 no fairytale ending.
20:54 The Cherokee and other tribes were driven from their land,
20:56 sent to live in another time zone,
21:00 and that was that.
21:01 That's often what happens in life.
21:04 We're reminded that the Bible speaks about a time
21:07 when people would lose their liberties
21:10 through no fault of their own.
21:12 According to the book of Revelation,
21:14 there'll be a time when people who are faithful to God
21:17 will not be able to buy and sell,
21:19 and ultimately, many will lose their lives.
21:23 Daniel wrote about "a time of trouble,
21:25 such as never was since there was a nation,"
21:28 in Daniel 12 and verse 1.
21:31 If there's someone who understands injustice,
21:33 it's God.
21:35 "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth,"
21:38 according to the very first line of the Bible.
21:41 He created a beautiful dwelling place
21:43 for our first grandparents.
21:45 But it wasn't long before an enemy had robbed them
21:49 of their homeland.
21:51 They were banished from the Garden of Eden,
21:54 and everywhere they went, sin followed them.
21:59 When were the first tears shed on this earth?
22:03 Was it then, when Adam and Eve were banished from Eden?
22:07 Was it when they began to realize
22:08 the awful consequences of sin?
22:11 The Bible doesn't say, but it's hard to imagine
22:14 that there were no tears around the time sin entered the world.
22:18 Animals died to provide clothing for Adam and Eve,
22:21 the first animals to die.
22:24 We could safely suppose that there were tears then.
22:29 It's interesting that the first time you find tears
22:32 explicitly mentioned in the Bible, it's in the case
22:35 of people who'd been banished from their home.
22:38 In Genesis 21, Hagar is rejected by Abraham and Sarah.
22:42 She believes her child Ishmael is going to die.
22:46 "So she sat opposite him, and lifted her voice and wept."
22:50 Tears of desperation.
22:53 In Genesis 23:2 we read:
22:55 "And Sarah died...and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah
23:00 and to weep for her."
23:02 Tears of lamentation.
23:04 Joseph wept when he was reunited with his brothers.
23:07 They were tears of reconciliation.
23:10 Baby Moses wept in the basket boat.
23:12 Tears of innocence.
23:14 The children of Israel wept in the wilderness
23:16 as they remembered the food they had back in Egypt.
23:19 Tears of greed, of faithlessness.
23:23 Hannah wept because she was without child.
23:25 Tears of supplication.
23:27 Israel wept in the Psalms when they remembered Zion,
23:30 Psalm 137.
23:31 Tears of, of regret, tears of longing.
23:35 Jeremiah has been called "the weeping prophet."
23:38 He said, "Oh that my head were waters,
23:41 "and mine eyes a fountain of tears, that I might weep
23:44 day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people!"
23:48 Jeremiah 9, verse 1.
23:50 Mary Magdalene washed Jesus' feet with tears of repentance.
23:55 Peter wept.
23:56 Matthew 26:75 says that after he had denied Jesus
24:00 the third time, "he went out, and wept bitterly."
24:04 The shortest verse in the Bible tells us
24:07 that as He stood at the tomb of Lazarus, "Jesus wept."
24:11 John 11:35.
24:13 Jesus' ministry was its own trail of tears.
24:17 He came to this world to live the life that we could not live
24:20 and to offer us everlasting life, as a gift.
24:24 You know, I don't want to stretch this too far,
24:26 but if God doesn't weep over seeing people reject
24:30 the gift of salvation, at least it has to break His heart.
24:35 But what happens in the end of all this?
24:39 One of the most hopeful verses in the Bible
24:42 is Revelation 21, verse 4.
24:44 It says,
24:45 "And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes;
24:48 "and there shall be no more death,
24:50 "neither sorrow, nor crying,
24:52 "neither shall there be any more pain:
24:54 for the former things are passed away."
24:58 In this world, there's injustice; there's pain.
25:01 Some of that can be addressed.
25:03 Sometimes wrongs are righted.
25:06 Sometimes.
25:07 It didn't happen in the case of the Trail of Tears.
25:10 But there's coming a time when every wrong will be righted,
25:14 when every illness will have been cured,
25:17 where death no longer happens,
25:19 where tears will never more be shed.
25:23 For some people, the pain of this earth is just too much.
25:26 Seems that way.
25:27 But one day, one day when Jesus returns,
25:30 He's going to make all the wrongs right,
25:33 and He wants you to be ready for that day.
25:36 Jesus has been through enough pain already.
25:39 He shed enough tears.
25:41 Your salvation will mean more to heaven
25:44 than you could possibly know.
25:47 Can you make a decision today to allow Jesus to have your heart?
25:51 To look beyond this world to the world to come,
25:53 to accept Jesus into your life by faith?
25:56 One day, no more tears, just perfection forever.
26:00 You want to be there.
26:02 God wants you to be there.
26:06 >>John: Thank you for remembering that It Is Written
26:08 exists because of the kindness of people just like you.
26:11 To support this international life-changing ministry,
26:14 please call us now at 800-253-3000.
26:18 You can send your tax-deductible gift
26:20 to the address on your screen,
26:22 or you can visit us online at itiswritten.com.
26:25 Thank you for your prayers and for your financial support.
26:28 Our number again is 800-253-3000,
26:32 or you can visit us online at itiswritten.com.
26:37 >>John Bradshaw: Let's pray together now.
26:38 Our Father in heaven,
26:40 we thank You that one day
26:41 there will be no more tears.
26:44 The Trail of Tears reminds us that this is a world
26:48 of injustice and harshness and cruelty and sadness and pain.
26:53 But we are reminded today
26:55 that this is still a world of blessing.
26:57 Your Word reminds us that Your mercies are new every morning,
27:02 and our hope today is in the blessed hope.
27:04 One day Jesus will come back and take care of all of those things
27:09 that trouble us.
27:11 Friend, where is your hope today?
27:13 Can you look beyond this world?
27:15 To a Savior who has shed tears for you
27:18 and is looking forward to coming back to this world
27:21 so that you can be with Him forever.
27:23 Is the return of Jesus your hope, friend?
27:25 If it isn't, tell God right now
27:28 you wish Jesus to be your Savior.
27:30 Invite the God of heaven to take your heart and make it His own.
27:35 And He will.
27:36 Father, we look forward to that day,
27:39 and we thank You that through Jesus we have now
27:43 the hope of everlasting life in a land with no more tears.
27:47 And we pray in Jesus' name,
27:50 amen.
27:51 Thanks so much for joining me.
27:53 I'm looking forward to seeing you again next time.
27:54 Until then, remember:
27:57 "It is written, 'Man shall not live by bread alone,
28:00 but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.'"
28:05 ♪[dramatic theme music]♪

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Revised 2021-06-24