Participants: Don Mckintosh (Host), Fraser Gary
Series Code: HFAL
Program Code: HFAL000189
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00:01 The following program presents principles
00:03 designed to promote good health and is not 00:05 intended to take the place of personalized 00:07 professional care. The opinions and ideas 00:10 expressed are those of the speaker. Viewers 00:13 are encouraged to draw their own conclusions 00:15 about the information presented. 00:47 Hello and welcome to Health For A Lifetime. 00:51 I'm your host Don Mackintosh and we are 00:53 glad that you joined us today for this important 00:55 program. Joining us today is Dr. Gary 00:58 Fraser, he is a researcher and practicing 01:01 cardiologist also boarded in internal 01:04 medicine. Dr. Fraser, we are glad that you are 01:07 with us today. Please be here. 01:08 And you have been, you know, involved in both 01:09 the clinical arena and also research, that's unusual. 01:12 Yes, I enjoyed both very much. 01:15 And so you, you know, this gives you the 01:18 context I mean you have got stories to go 01:20 along with what you see in terms of your 01:22 research sometimes. Yes, I guess what 01:24 happened was that I very quickly got the 01:26 idea in my first two years of clinical 01:28 practice that many times we were shutting 01:31 the door after the horse has bolted, so to speak 01:34 and it was much better to be on the preventive 01:36 end of things that one possibly could. 01:38 And so you did I think MPH and epidemiology, 01:41 and preventive, wrote a test book I think for 01:44 preventive cardiology. Yes, an MPH and then 01:48 a PHD and yes I have a text book that was used 01:51 many of the medical schools around the 01:53 United States actually. So, you know you were 01:56 involved in the Adventist Health Study and 01:59 I want to just mention that at the beginning 02:00 you know there was, there was one that was done back 02:04 what year was the first one done? 02:05 It's actually been two previous studies, the 02:08 very first one we called the motility study, 02:10 which was way back in 1960 through it about 02:13 1965 then AHS 1, Adventist Health Study 02:16 1 started in 1974 went through about 1988. 02:20 Now we are starting Adventist Health Study 02:23 2, which began about 2001 and still ongoing. 02:25 Okay, so you know anybody who has 02:29 interest in being involved and you know 02:31 right now you are in the stages of really 02:33 recruiting people I don't know what the stage 02:35 will be when this program is aired, but 02:37 there is always something ongoing in 02:40 research and many times the best way is to, 02:42 is to check you know at adventisthealthstudy.org 02:47 to spell right out, adventisthealthstudy.org 02:49 or you can contact your local conference. I 02:53 know that they are pretty in touch and 02:55 through the channels and this is vital research 02:59 because being the information that comes 03:03 out today about Adventist is really 03:05 based on yesterday's research right? 03:07 Oh! Absolutely and we really need your help. If 03:11 you are an Adventist over the age of 30 years 03:13 and live in the United States or Canada, we 03:16 need another 20 thousand to sign up for 03:18 our study. We already got 86,000, which is a 03:20 big deal and we are so pleased for that. We 03:22 wanna hit that 100 thousand mark and little more. 03:24 Right and you don't mind if more people 03:26 call in their lives that would be a great 03:29 blessing. So what is the relationship between 03:33 diet and other health factors and you know 03:36 longevity or health. What did we find out in 03:39 this early Adventist studies. 03:42 Well of course there is no magic bullet and I 03:46 think it might be the first thing that I would 03:48 like to point out is that, it's what we call very 03:53 multifactorial. There is the whole way that you 03:56 live your life that seems to be important for 03:58 health, is not gonna be one factor would be 04:00 very nice and so simple if we could say there 04:03 was. If you did this you are healthy and if you 04:05 didn't you are not unfortunately life is 04:07 much more complicated in that, but basically we 04:10 found that aside from smoking and physical 04:13 activity the diet also had a great deal to do 04:17 with your risk of heart disease and cancer 04:20 indeed how long you lived. 04:21 So, multifactorial though you can just 04:24 sprinkle some oat bran on the top of life and 04:27 salt, but all the whole Adventist lifestyle 04:31 package seems to be what's beneficial to people. 04:35 Absolutely in fact even we talk about 04:38 psychosocial factors, social support even 04:43 religiosity itself. The way that we review life 04:46 and perhaps even have concepts of religion and 04:50 how we practice it seems to be important 04:51 as well, which is something which I 04:54 guess people until about 10 years ago really 04:56 didn't take much notice of. 04:57 And I wanna talk about that little bit more, we 05:00 will comeback to that, but let's go through 05:01 some of the what would you consider the major 05:04 killers in, you know, western countries. I 05:07 mean America is one, this of course viewed 05:10 around the world, but we seem to export all 05:12 our problems everywhere else effectively 05:14 through whatever marketing strategy, but what are 05:17 the top killers and then talk about those and 05:21 then what are we finding with Adventist 05:24 and I think there is different groups I mean 05:25 one thing I was looking at in your book, in your 05:30 book is you know the vegetarian versus lacto, 05:32 over vegetarians versus the others. So, let's just 05:35 go through some of these diseases and then 05:38 you know see what you have been finding, I 05:41 guess number one would be heart disease. 05:43 Yes that's the big killer of course and what we 05:49 found their was quite interesting that the 05:51 Adventist had only about over half the risk 05:54 of heart attack as the non-Adventist 05:57 neighbors this was in California actually, 05:59 where Adventist Health Study 1 was conducted 06:02 and more over it seemed to depend little 06:06 bit on the age. For younger people and by 06:09 that I mean in their 40s and 50s, I'm little older 06:13 than that now. The risk is actually about one- 06:16 third in the Adventists. As you go into 70, 80, 06:20 85 within the Adventist advantage seem to be 06:23 somewhat decrease, but so it was a big deal. In 06:27 another words, premature motility from 06:29 heart disease was much, much less 06:31 amongst the Adventist. 06:32 And you just documented that, but 06:34 any reasons as to why? Well, we explore little 06:39 bit further and we past Adventists into those 06:43 that were vegetarians and those that were not, 06:45 we separated them into different groups then 06:48 we looked at all kinds of other dietary habits 06:51 and one of the great advantages of the 06:52 Adventist population for research like this 06:54 interestingly is that I have a very wide variety 06:58 of dietary habits. If everybody ate in same way, we 07:02 couldn't do this for search because it's a 07:03 study of comparisons and the reason that we 07:07 keep getting funded by the federal government 07:08 to do it is that it was got a population that's 07:10 unique because of the wide variety 07:12 of habits. So we have the 07:14 vegetarians and non- vegetarians. We found 07:15 that the vegetarians had only about two-thirds 07:21 the risk of heart attack as compared to the non- 07:26 vegetarians, so there is a big advantage there. 07:28 Then we look at other dietary items and we 07:31 discovered the not consumption was a very 07:35 important per take the fact of the heart attack, 07:37 which was a great surprise initially because 07:38 many people thought that nuts being 07:40 a fatty food were actually risky and 07:43 dietitians for years had advised the heart 07:45 patients not to go very cautiously with nuts, 07:48 but in fact the fats on the nuts which 07:52 monounsaturated largely with one that is 07:54 polyunsaturated are protective fats and we 07:57 found that the Adventists, who ate 07:59 nuts at least five times a week as compared to those 08:02 Adventists, who ate nuts less than once a week, 08:04 the first group had only half the risk of heart 08:07 attacks. This was very unlikely to be due to chance. 08:09 We split the population in different ways, 08:12 old people, young people, woman, man, 08:13 vegetarians, non- vegetarians and looked 08:16 at nut consumption into those groups and that 08:18 was a very, very consistent finding and since 08:21 being duplicated by number of other groups 08:23 actually non- Adventist groups. 08:25 So, when you do this kind of researching you 08:27 discover something like this that flies in the face 08:30 of what everybody has been teaching or what 08:32 some people teaching is it hard for them to change? 08:35 It takes about 10 years for a new idea. I had a 08:42 wonderful book, I've studied got it actually 08:44 called the diffusion of innovations and that 08:47 really looked at this and it takes indeed about 10 08:50 years to change the minds of the profession 08:53 and then threw to the public and that's about 08:56 what it took for the nuts. The nut industry 08:58 of course got very excited early on and we 09:01 had some good times with them. But, when I 09:05 first publish this stator back in 1992 there was 09:08 an editorial that went along with it that was 09:11 hardly skeptical, but since then big study 09:14 groups from Hawaii, the nurses health study, 09:16 and number of other groups have come out 09:17 with the same findings and so that's the way 09:19 the science works. It's interesting, so you 09:23 know it's sometimes to be cutting edges to take 09:25 a few cuts on the way, but you keep, you keep 09:27 going on now, you know, looking at heart 09:30 disease you talked about the vegetarian 09:33 versus the non- vegetarian, but did they 09:34 split that vegetarian group into lacto over 09:36 versus vegan or anything like that and 09:38 did they have any findings there. We did 09:41 do a little bit of that the problem we have 09:44 amongst the Adventist is that to answer their 09:48 particular question is that only about 3 09:50 percent of that old study group vegan or vegan 09:53 we mean people that have no animal 09:56 products at all, no dairy, no eggs for instance, 09:59 umm! umm! And so we had rather small number 10:02 to address the question to the extent that we 10:05 could address it, it appear that the vegans 10:08 did not or maybe had a very slight advantage 10:11 for heart disease, although it could have 10:12 been due to chance the numbers were small. It 10:15 appeared they had no advantage for cancer for 10:18 instance, but again the numbers were small. 10:20 They might even had a slight disadvantage 10:22 there, so we are waiting actually with great 10:25 interest for a new study, where we hope to have 10:27 a 100 thousand people in total and perhaps 10:29 about 5000 vegans that we should ought to be 10:32 address the question, so much better. 10:33 Let's move on anything else about 10:35 heart disease we need to hear. 10:36 One of the factor that again is being well 10:40 established in other studies now is that 10:42 whole grains seem to be protective, whole grain 10:45 bread or whole grain cereals in general as 10:48 compared to processed refined grind products. 10:52 The something about the whole grains, we 10:55 have perhaps similar ideas what that might 10:57 be that seems to be protective against heart attack. 11:00 Well let's move to now what's the number one 11:02 killer for people above 85 I understand and 11:05 that's cancer. Yes, that's correct of 11:09 course cancer is very, very prominent amongst young 11:12 people too depending on what kind of cancer it might 11:16 be that's the first point to make. The cancer is 11:18 not one disease in fact that's a multitude of 11:22 diseases. A cancer of the breast as compared 11:25 to cancer of the ovaries as compared to cancer 11:30 of the large bowel for instance the colon, they 11:31 are all different disorders. They have some 11:32 commonalty, but one of the challenges that we 11:34 face as researchers is that they all have slightly 11:37 different causal factors and so we have to study 11:39 it more separately, umm! umm! So again we 11:44 found that of course smoking is bad for 11:46 many cancers. Alcohol is bad for some cancers. 11:49 Physical activity it appears is protective 11:53 against cancer of the breast and maybe 11:55 cancer of the colon as well. But, aside from 11:57 that there are number of different dietary factors 12:00 and here where the cutting edge of research 12:03 actually. There is not always total agreement 12:06 between the different study groups and so one 12:09 needs to I think take this information and say 12:13 this is probably true but, so much of it is in fact 12:18 still waiting confirmation. So, there 12:22 are lot of foods that I can talk about that 12:25 appeared to be protective for different cancers, 12:28 but take the information in that vain. 12:32 Well let's, what appears to be protective then 12:35 just kind a edge or bachelor. 12:36 Right, one of the most striking effects I think 12:42 is the effect of meat consumption on risk of 12:44 colon cancer. If you look at the non- 12:48 vegetarian Adventists compare to the vegetarian 12:50 Adventists. The non- vegetarians have 12:52 about an 80% increase risk of colon cancer. 12:56 Now the non-vegetarians also had an increase 13:01 risk of bladder cancer and possibly prostate 13:05 cancer and also ovarian cancer. So, the 13:09 non-vegetarians didn't do as well for. 13:11 What about breast cancer? Interestingly breast 13:14 cancer somewhat distressingly for us 13:16 because it's such a common cancer in such 13:19 a nasty cancer many ways, we found very, 13:24 very few dietary relationships with breast 13:26 cancer. However, there is one factor also that 13:32 does relate to diet that are probably should mention 13:34 at this point because lot of people don't 13:36 know about it. Okay. People, who are 13:38 overweight not only have a high risk of heart 13:41 attack and blood pressure and so forth, 13:43 they have a high risk of many, many common 13:45 cancers. And we understand some of the 13:49 reasons for that, but we can talk about if you 13:51 wish, which are, people who are overweight tend 13:54 to have high levels of blood insulin and the 13:57 PSA of insulin stimulates the growth of cells 14:00 and helps promote cancer cells grow quicker. 14:03 For some of the cancers also they are estrogen 14:07 dependent, I see, like breast cancer and may 14:11 be some other cancers as well and after menopause 14:14 it's s actually the subcutaneous fat in 14:16 woman the fat under the skin seeing the women's 14:18 ovaries no longer producing much estrogen, 14:20 the subcutaneous fat has the chemistries 14:23 to produce estrogen. So, if you got lot of 14:24 subcutaneous fat or overweight, you are 14:27 producing lot of estrogen and that seems to be 14:28 a bad factor in terms of increasing the risk 14:31 of breast cancer particularly. 14:33 We are talking with Dr. Gary Fraser he is the 14:36 principal lead researcher for the 14:38 Adventist Health Study. We need more people 14:40 to be involved in the Adventist Health Study 14:42 and there is always research going on, if 14:45 you would like to see how you can be involve 14:46 right now. If you go on the internet at 14:49 adventisthealthstudy. org. That's 14:53 adventisthealthstudy.org and you can learn how 14:56 you could be involved. Join us when we 14:57 comeback and continue this interesting discussion. 14:59 Have you found yourself wishing that 15:03 you could shed a few pounds, have you been 15:05 on a diet for most of your life, but not found 15:07 anything that will really keep the weight off, if 15:10 you have answered yes to any of these 15:12 questions then we have a solution for you that 15:14 works. Dr. Hans Diehl and Dr. Aileen Ludington 15:18 have written a marvelous booklet called 15:20 Reversing Obesity Naturally and we 15:23 would like to send it to you free of charge. 15:25 Here's a medically sound approach, 15:27 successfully used by thousands, who were 15:29 able to eat more and lose weight permanently 15:32 without feeling guilty or hungry through lifestyle 15:35 medicine. Dr. Diehl and Dr. Ludington have 15:38 been featured on 3ABN and in this booklet they 15:41 present a sensible approach to eating 15:43 nutrition and lifestyle changes that can help 15:45 you prevent heart disease, diabetes and even 15:48 cancer. Call or write today for your free copy 15:50 of Reversing Obesity Natural and you could 15:53 be on your way to a healthier, happier 15:55 you, it's absolutely free of charge, 15:57 so call or write today. Welcome back, we are 16:03 talking with Dr. Gary Fraser. We are talking 16:05 about the Adventist Health Study and if you 16:07 would like more information about that 16:09 study or how you can be involved, which 16:11 were always looking for people to be involved go to 16:13 adventisthealthstudy.org and doctor we want as 16:18 many people involved as possible is gonna be 16:21 more helpful to those that are looking at 16:24 Adventists for whatever edge they might have 16:26 and more helpful to the church itself I mean in 16:29 knowing how to you know progress. So, we 16:33 were talking in the fist half here about some of 16:37 the benefits that can come from having a 16:40 vegetarian lifestyle. We looked at heart disease, 16:42 we looked a little bit of cancer and we look at 16:44 the relationship between cancer and meat 16:46 consumption, the vegetarian versus a non-vegetarian, 16:49 but there is other dietary factors that you were 16:51 starting to elude to. Yes fruits in the diet 16:56 seems to be protective against number of 16:58 cancers and this is not on the outwork, it's the 17:01 work of many people around the world. For 17:04 instance, people who eat more fruit perhaps 17:07 two to three times a day seem to have a lesser 17:10 risk of lung cancer. And that's even aside 17:13 factoring out the very powerful factor of 17:17 cigarette smoking of course, but over and 17:19 above that fruit consumption seems to be 17:21 important. People who eat more fruit have 17:23 a low risk of ovary cancer, they also have 17:26 apparently a low risk and outdated at least of 17:29 pancreatic cancer and probably prostate cancer. 17:32 So, fruit seems to be one factor that's 17:35 important for reducing the risk of cancer. For 17:39 colon cancer, we also found that eating beans, 17:42 beans reduce the risk of cancer. 17:45 Any kind of beans? We didn't distinguish, it 17:48 may be the some are more important then the 17:49 other we couldn't, we couldn't tell right now 17:51 research thus far. And interestingly it was 17:56 particularly amongst the meat eaters that beans 17:59 seem to give some important protection. 18:02 Another bean that of course is very topical 18:05 these days is soybeans, the soy products and we 18:10 perhaps should discuss that in more detail, but 18:12 there is a lot of advice out there for Americans 18:16 to eat more soy products. And yet interestingly 18:18 the evidence to support that is still somewhat in 18:22 secure. We did find that the Adventist, who 18:26 drank soy milk, okay, once or twice a day had 18:29 lower risk of prostate cancer. So, that's one of 18:33 the factor that we need to and again the some 18:36 evidence that soy may reduce the risk of breast 18:39 cancer. Another food that seemed to be protective 18:43 against number of cancers was tomatoes. 18:45 Tomatoes. Interestingly, yes and we 18:47 found that the Adventists who ate more 18:50 tomatoes had lower risk of prostate cancer 18:54 and other studies have also found something 18:57 similar. And we also found that they had only 19:01 about one-third the risk of developing 19:03 ovary cancer if they ate tomatoes regularly as 19:07 compared to those who didn't eat tomatoes, 19:09 which is interesting. So, I have some soy 19:12 milk right here at the break we can have 19:14 some and I don't have any tomatoes, but those 19:17 are very protective and again you know you are 19:19 saying one-half, one- third, so they are you 19:22 know that other half and that other two- 19:24 thirds they ultimately do get these diseases 19:28 even the Adventist population sometimes if they 19:31 are even doing everything right? 19:32 Yes, now of course we have been talking about 19:35 one factor at the time, but if you put together 19:38 two or three these things that they seems 19:41 to be kind of multiplicative in other 19:43 words of one factor reduces it risk by half, 19:46 another factor reduces risk by half, if you do 19:49 both of these things you reduce the risk by three 19:52 quarter, so you wanna got one 19:53 got one quarter of the risk that remains. 19:55 So, if you get a person that's doing all of these 19:58 things together pretty rare people actually even 20:00 amongst Adventists then the risk really becomes 20:03 quite small. Perhaps about one-tenth also 20:06 nevertheless the point you make is quite right. 20:09 We will have to die of something none of us live 20:11 forever and what happens is that the Adventist die 20:16 pretty much all of the same kinds of things is a 20:19 non-Adventist neighbors do but it's 20:22 differed by 6 to 12 years. So, that's the life 20:26 expectancy difference is 6 to 12 years depending on 20:29 how many that have with you put into practice. 20:32 That's correct. And is it related to the 20:34 number of habits you put in practice? 20:36 Yes it is and we explore that and it seems like 20:40 what we looked at five, four, five different habits 20:44 some of which are other ones I have mentioned 20:46 already and each of them seem to give two to three 20:49 years, so you are at the more output who come to 20:52 about 10 years. Is that right, now you 20:56 know you are a Seventh-Day Adventist Christian as 20:58 well as a researcher and you know some people 21:00 look at health things that Seventh-Day Adventist 21:03 the advantage quote and quote that they have and 21:05 they say well you might be cooking the books and 21:07 so that makes your job as a researcher very 21:09 important so you can just dot all the teas and you 21:13 know dot the teas, cross the teas and dot the eyes 21:18 and you really have to do very careful research 21:20 because of the naysayers and thank you by the way 21:24 for doing that. We are already thankful for the 21:27 research that you are doing in the Adventist 21:29 Health Study. But, I wanna look at that 21:32 relationship you know I'm a, I'm a pastor, I'm also a 21:36 fourth generation Adventist, I had one 21:37 group of my family that decided that well you 21:41 know Ellen White and the health message was 21:43 something they didn't want, but they wanted the 21:45 Sabbath they and they held onto that and then 21:49 I had another group that actually adopted those 21:52 health things many of these health things on the 21:53 basis of things that Ellen White had written or 21:56 principals and I can see the difference, I mean the 21:59 things you are talking about in my family then 22:02 I have to have a study, but I many of them died of 22:04 colon cancer that one on the one side versus the 22:07 other and it's just like kind of a little case is that 22:09 what are you saying, but I wanna talk to you about 22:12 about the religiosity or religion and its 22:16 relationship to health, what did you find in the 22:18 first Adventist health study, what are your 22:21 thoughts on that, and what might be something 22:24 coming up on the second study. 22:26 Well going, just stepping back for a moment to the 22:29 Christian of whether a diet is reliable. 22:33 We have always had a group of advices of the 22:37 best scientists in the country they come and 22:40 meet us every year. People from Hawaii, 22:43 University of Hawaii and Stanford and so forth 22:45 that's being in place for about 20 years. 22:48 So, we have some oversight, which is good thing. 22:51 Secondly when you publish materials in the 22:54 medical literature these days, it goes for a very 22:58 careful period of your scrutiny, so there is a lot 23:01 of shakes and unbalances in the system. 23:03 As far as religiosity in health, we in the first 23:08 study which is the only one we have analyzed yet 23:12 in the Adventist health study 1. 23:14 We only had a question about how often that did 23:17 you attend church, will you attend the prayer 23:21 meetings, whether you took church off, so some 23:23 very simple kind of ideas like this. 23:27 Were people that attend prayer meeting healthier 23:29 then those who just attended church. 23:32 Interestingly not and there is a question of the 23:34 chicken and egg to it. Why were people 23:36 attending prayer meeting, okay, perhaps they were 23:39 not in very good shape to start with so was a kind of 23:42 difficult question to ask. Right, okay. 23:44 But, just looking at church attendance per se, we 23:48 found along with results of many other religious 23:51 communities in fact. There is quite literature 23:53 out there that the people who attend church 23:56 regularly whatever they faith tend to have about 24:00 again that magic one-third figure reduction in 24:03 mortality and that's men, that's women and across 24:07 the different, number of different age groups and 24:11 so the Christian is what's going on here. 24:14 Now you know in the Adventist church, I think 24:16 probably the doctrine is most related to health 24:19 would be the sanctuary doctor and the bodies of 24:21 temple and what not. What have you 24:25 discovered or what are you attempting to 24:27 discover with the new studies that look at 24:30 religiosity and health. We've, we've got a great 24:34 opportunity we just received federal funding 24:37 to look at those very questions that you 24:38 mention and to look at in a way that we call 24:41 prospectively, which very few other studies have done. 24:45 In other words, we ask a lot of questions 24:48 about why people practice their religion and 24:51 also their attitudes towards their religion and 24:54 then follow them up for a number of years and then 24:58 find who develops heart disease, who does not, 25:01 who dies from whatever cause, who does not and 25:05 see if we can relate that to the attitudes and their 25:08 practice of religion at the beginning of the study 25:11 was a very powerful way actually to 25:13 look at the question. So, we will be finding 25:16 some very unique dieter in this new study that we 25:19 have just got funded. Yeah, you told me that 25:21 you even gonna look at particular beliefs they 25:23 might have in other words how they responded to 25:25 certain doctrines of the church, which one they 25:27 say yeah I believe that or which one I say I don't 25:30 believe that, that would be a fascinating 25:32 thing to look at. Yes, although we don't 25:35 want to make this a really Seventh-Day Adventist 25:39 range of study. Will they will be studying 25:40 Adventists, but it turns out that you know the 25:43 Adventists are really not so different from many 25:46 other protestant groups and we can look at some 25:49 fairly general concepts. I mean how could religion 25:54 of fate or health it's probably just not sitting 25:57 in the prayer, you know, sometimes the heart of 25:59 the pure the greater the benefit. But, it's probably 26:01 not that, it's could be due to the fact that amongst 26:05 Adventists particularly those who attend 26:08 regularly are more likely to live their lives more 26:11 healthfully. But it's probably more than that 26:13 because we are already been able to factor that 26:15 out and that seems like there is something over 26:17 and above that. It could be social support that they 26:21 get, being part of a close net religious group you 26:24 get lot of support and everybody knows there is 26:26 lot of research it shows, that's important 26:27 for total mortality. Could be something to do 26:31 with prayer and the comfort that you get from 26:33 that and the assurance that you get from that. 26:37 On the other hand, there are some people who 26:40 practice their religion with the feeling by have 26:43 to do it and if they don't do it, they are gonna be 26:46 loss, and so they can be Christians 26:48 of guilt that they come up and so not everything 26:50 about religion may necessarily be positive. 26:53 It's probably like everything else complex, 26:55 but we really want to dig into all of these things. 26:58 So, you know you talk with me little bit you and 27:01 I that being a part of the Seventh-Day Adventist 27:04 subculture has a relationship with perhaps 27:08 falling back into bad habits. 27:11 Yes, I think there is a real genius of tying the idea of 27:15 health and health practices to a religion 27:17 because that becomes then part of the real 27:21 inherent values in your life. It's very clear that the 27:26 Adventist faith helps people in the practice by 27:32 cultural things that are transmitted down through 27:34 the generations and also an expectation that people 27:36 will live in this way, so overall it has been a very 27:39 positive influence and as a Adventist we were able 27:42 to be counterculture almost successfully and 27:45 beneficially for more than 150 years. 27:49 Well thank you so much for joining 27:51 us today Dr. Fraser. My pleasure. 27:54 And thank you for joining 27:55 us on Health For A Lifetime. |
Revised 2014-12-17