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Series Code: ASB
Program Code: ASB000109A
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00:04 And comes from the DVD series, "Awesome Science"
00:10 The Rockies are the largest group 00:12 of mountains in North America. 00:14 They stretch over 1,000 miles, from British Columbia 00:18 to New Mexico. 00:20 Most of the exposed rocks are sedimentary, 00:23 meaning they were formed by water and under water. 00:26 One of the most beautiful locations to see the Rockies 00:29 is Rocky Mountain National Park in central Colorado. 00:33 Secular scientists believe these mountains 00:35 were formed over tens of millions of years 00:38 through slow and gradual tectonic processes. 00:41 They use continental drift as a mechanism for mountain 00:44 building, yet this idea was originally proposed 00:48 by a Christian geologist in 1859, 00:51 where he suggested the continents came 00:53 to their current position in less than a 00:55 year during the global flood and didn't take millions of years. 01:00 Current Christian geologists have further research 01:03 on this idea, and now call it catastrophic plate tectonics. 01:07 Then, there are other slow forming geologic features. 01:12 These features are related to the Rockies formation 01:15 and erosion. 01:16 Examples being the Great Sand Dunes and Devils Tower. 01:21 The Bible indicates that our Earth 01:23 is only about 6,000 years old. 01:26 What is the real story of when and how these mountains were 01:30 formed and eroded. 01:32 What evidence suggests these mountains could 01:34 have formed and eroded during the catastrophic events 01:38 of the flood? 01:39 We'll find out all this and more next on Awesome Science. 01:48 Awesome Science takes you on a field trip 01:51 to some of the most amazing geologic and historic sites 01:55 around the world, where we use the Bible 01:58 as our history guidebook to interpret what we see. 02:01 That the Bible can be trusted and empirical science 02:04 falls in line with the biblical account of creation, 02:07 the fall, and the flood. 02:10 Science, it's awesome. 02:24 In the state of Colorado, just west of Fort Collins, 02:27 is the entrance to Rocky Mountain National Park. 02:31 The park was established in 1915 by President Woodrow Wilson. 02:36 It covers an area of 415 square miles with many stunning vistas 02:44 from valleys to high peaks. 02:47 The elevation changes from 4,000 to over 12,000 feet. 02:53 It's a great place to get out and enjoy nature. 02:57 There are over 300 miles of hiking trails plus 150 lakes 03:03 and 450 miles of streams. 03:06 Everywhere you look, there are amazing views. 03:09 The park has 72 peaks that tower over 12,000 feet. 03:14 The park represents the best of all parts 03:17 of the Rockies, deep valleys, high peaks, rough terrain, 03:24 and lots of wildlife. 03:26 There are many stops along the highway 03:28 for views of wild animals, opportunities 03:32 to see elk and deer. 03:35 Coming here is a real treat. 03:41 Mountains are found on every continent. 03:44 How do they form? 03:45 There are actually several ways mountains are built. 03:49 The first way is mountains can be formed by folded layers. 03:54 The layers are pushed together on each end and begin to fold. 03:58 The layers will rise and fall twisting in the process. 04:02 Examples of folded mountains are found in the Rockies, Alps, 04:06 Himalayas, and Appalachians. 04:09 Another kind is called domed mountains. 04:12 This happens when pressures below the earth's surface 04:15 push up layers, and then the layers get bent. 04:19 The Black Hills of South Dakota are 04:21 an example of domed mountains. 04:24 Then, there are fault block mountains. 04:27 This happens when layers shift up or down, like a knife went 04:31 through the layers and cut them up, so they shift vertically. 04:36 The Grand Tetons in Wyoming are an example 04:38 of fault block mountains. 04:41 Today, probably the most dramatic and visible formations 04:45 are volcanic mountains. 04:47 These types of mountains form when 04:49 molten lava comes up through the crust 04:51 and pushes out onto the surface. 04:53 They tend to be in linear chains across the earth. 04:57 They include the Cascades, Aleutians, 05:01 and Hawaiian Islands, which are around the Pacific Rim. 05:05 Secular scientists believe the mountains 05:08 we see today have risen over millions of years 05:11 through slow and gradual processes. 05:14 But since the Bible indicates a much younger 05:17 earth, the processes for building the mountains, which 05:21 we see today, would have happened much quicker 05:23 in the past. 05:25 There is a lot of evidence suggesting 05:27 the flood was responsible for catastrophic processes. 05:31 These processes would have formed most of the mountains 05:34 in less than a year. 05:36 So we have mountains forming through upheaval, 05:39 plus flood waters carving new valleys 05:42 and revealing more mountains. 05:44 Even during the several hundred years after the flood, 05:47 as the earth settled, there was still 05:49 lots of geologic activity. 05:52 Many of the volcanic mountains we see today 05:55 were a part of that process of reaching geologic equilibrium. 06:04 The Rockies only reach 13,000 to 14,000 feet, 06:08 and they are made up of sedimentary layers. 06:10 What's amazing about these mountains 06:12 is they're full of marine fossils. 06:15 Evolutionists presume these fossils 06:18 developed in a shallow sea covering this area 06:21 millions of years ago. 06:23 Below the sedimentary rocks, we find metamorphic rocks 06:27 and granites. 06:29 Metamorphic rocks are sedimentary and volcanic rocks 06:33 that have been changed by heat and pressure. 06:35 The granites are assumed to be the basement rocks formed over 06:39 a billion years ago. 06:42 These three levels of granites, metamorphic, 06:45 and sedimentary rocks are thought by secular scientists 06:48 to be three generations of mountain building processes. 06:52 The sedimentary being the youngest of these. 06:56 Many of the Rocky Mountains have been pushed up, faulted, 06:59 and folded. 07:00 How did this happen? 07:03 We now know the surface of the Earth 07:05 is made up of various plates called tectonic plates. 07:09 As far as we know, earth is the only planet in the solar system 07:13 with plates like these. 07:16 The plates move. 07:17 Currently, the rate of movement is slow. 07:20 They can collide with each other, pushing up mountains. 07:23 When one plate slides underneath another, 07:26 it is called subduction. 07:28 We know Mt. 07:29 Everest in Asia, the tallest mountain in the world, 07:32 continues to grow in height by 4 millimeters a year. 07:37 This is because two plates are pushing into each other. 07:41 The amazing part about Everest is the top layer 07:44 is sedimentary and contains fossils, which means 07:48 they were formed by water. 07:50 Since sea level is where most water is now, Mt. 07:53 Everest has risen almost 30,000 feet at some point in the past. 08:01 Most of the floor of the Pacific Ocean 08:03 is known as the Pacific plate. 08:06 North America is known as the North American plate, 08:09 and South America is known as the South American Plate. 08:13 The Western edges of North and South America 08:16 are at the edges of those plates. 08:19 While the east sides of those plates 08:21 go all the way to the Mid-Atlantic ridge. 08:25 It is thought by secular geologists 08:27 that North America was much flatter many millions of years 08:31 ago then it is now. 08:32 Placid seas came and went laying down many layers of sediments. 08:37 Then, some unknown geologic process 08:40 began pushing the Pacific plate down 08:43 below the North American plate. 08:45 The Pacific plate dragged down the Western edge of the North 08:48 America plate and began to push up the North American 08:51 plate near its Western side. 08:54 This caused mountains to be pushed up 08:56 supposedly forming the Rockies over tens of millions of years. 09:03 This upward pressure also allowed molten rock 09:06 to rise from deep in the earth causing some volcanic activity 09:10 on the surface. 09:13 As the sedimentary layers on top got pushed up, 09:17 they were partially eroded to expose 09:19 the metamorphic and granite rocks beneath, 09:22 leaving tilted sedimentary layers flanking them. 09:26 All of these geologic processes supposedly happened over 09:30 tens of millions of years. 09:32 Secular scientists believe that mountain building 09:35 is an ongoing process. 09:36 Mountains being destroyed and rebuilt over and over again. 09:44 For the most part, creation scientists 09:46 don't disagree with secular scientists about the mechanism 09:49 for creating the Rockies, but they 09:51 believe geologic processes happened much faster 09:54 in the past. 09:56 Back in 1859, French geographer and scientist, 10:00 Antonio Snider-Pellegrini proposed 10:03 that rapid horizontal divergence of the crustal plates 10:06 occurred during the flood of Noah's day, 10:09 and then slowed down. 10:11 This basically means tectonic plates 10:14 began moving very quickly initiating 10:16 the geologic processes to start the global flood. 10:19 During the one year period of the flood, 10:22 they continued to move, going underneath each other 10:25 or colliding. 10:26 This caused mountains to rise quickly, 10:28 and the flood waters to eventually move off 10:30 the continents. 10:32 He developed this idea after looking 10:35 at how some of the earth's continents 10:37 seemed to match together. 10:39 It appeared as if they were once connected. 10:42 He proposed the earth's tectonic plates were rapidly 10:45 ripped apart and sprinted catastrophically 10:48 to their current positions in less than a year. 10:52 Before this time, most geologists 10:55 believed the earth's plates were horizontally fixed. 10:58 Pellegrini a creationist, thought differently, 11:01 and furthered science as a result. 11:04 Later, secular geologists adopted this idea 11:08 of diverging crustal plates. 11:11 However, due to their world view of long ages, 11:13 they developed the idea of slow continental drift. 11:17 Some would say the amazing ideas of a creation geologist 11:21 were hijacked by secular scientists to prove long ages. 11:26 This is an effort to use creation geologist discoveries 11:30 against them. 11:32 Unfortunately, slow continental drift 11:35 has become the predominant theory 11:37 among secular geologists. 11:41 In the 1990s, several creation geologists 11:45 adopted Pellegrini's idea for quick movement of the earth's 11:48 plates during the flood. 11:51 They furthered his research, and called it catastrophic plate 11:54 tectonics, or CPT. As it was examined in more detail, 12:00 CPT appears capable of explaining 12:03 a wide variety of data, which slow tectonic theories 12:06 are incapable of explaining. 12:09 In a pre-flood earth, the earth was differentiated 12:12 into core, mantle, and crust. 12:15 The crust was separated horizontally 12:17 into large stable blocks of rock above the waters formed 12:21 during the creation week. 12:24 These types of rocks are mainly granites and metamorphic. 12:29 The ocean floor was primarily made of mafic basalt, 12:33 which is denser than granite. 12:35 In CPT, the flood was started as slabs of ocean floor 12:40 broke loose and subducted along thousands 12:43 of miles of pre-flood continental margins. 12:46 The pre-flood supercontinent also broke up 12:49 into fragments called plates. 12:51 This all led to the plates moving 12:53 at feet per second, and mantle convection 12:57 bringing up massive amounts of heat 12:59 from the interior of the earth. 13:02 The mantle convection affecting the earth's core, 13:05 which induced rapid reversals of the earth's magnetic field. 13:10 From near the core mantle boundary, 13:12 large plumes of molten rock rose to erupt 13:15 as vast volcanic outpourings called flood basalts. 13:20 Rising basalt lavas from the upper mantle 13:23 also rapidly filled the long linear ruptures 13:26 in the sea floor, pushing the old seafloor aside. 13:30 Rapidly, the continental fragments 13:32 were horizontally displaced pushing the plates. 13:36 This rapid rising of basalt magma with steam 13:39 came into contact with the ocean water 13:42 and jettisoned ocean water with steam 13:44 high into the atmosphere where it condensed 13:47 creating intense global rain. 13:51 The new warm ocean floor rose quickly 13:54 as the new less dense magma that had produced 13:57 it poured out from the mantle. 14:00 This caused sea level to rise so that the ocean waters swept up 14:04 onto and across the continents. 14:07 Now, the pushed aside denser cold pre-flood ocean 14:10 floor, as it subducted, started bending and up warping. 14:15 Fast moving ocean water facilitated the transport 14:18 of sediments onto the continental margins. 14:21 Large earthquakes induced tidal waves with ocean 14:25 to land movement further transporting sediments 14:28 into the continental interiors. 14:30 This resulted in sedimentary rock layers 14:32 covering regions and even entire continents that were eventually 14:36 covered in thick and uniform layers of sediment. 14:41 This is very prevalent in the Western United 14:43 States, such as in the southwest and the Rockies. 14:48 Erosion of these sediment layers can 14:50 be seen in places such as the Grand 14:59 This program is brought to you by 15:03 An organization committed to producing high quality 15:07 science-focused television content 15:09 all from a Biblical worldview. 15:11 Awesome Science is our kids series hosted by Noah Justice 15:15 In every episode, Noah visits the national parks 15:18 and historical sites to help you understand 15:21 earth's history using a Biblical worldview. 15:24 Find us online to watch all of our shows, 15:27 Noah's bloopers, behind the scenes videos, and special interviews. 15:33 You can also visit and like our Facebook page. 15:36 Where we post updates, announcements, and post extra videos. 15:39 Our YouTube channel also hosts many of videos and bonus segments. 15:44 Thanks for visiting. We hope you enjoy our great content. 15:49 When the pre-flood, cold dense ocean 15:52 floor subducted under the moving continents and plunged 15:55 into the mantle it also tried to drag the continental edges 15:59 with it. 16:01 But there was a problem. 16:02 Further inland from its edge, the North American plate 16:05 began to arch upwards, and thus, the Rocky Mountain 16:08 started to develop very quickly. 16:11 There was some faulting as well as up warping. 16:15 During this time, cracking in the crust 16:17 also occurred, and large amounts of magma 16:21 poured out onto the continents through volcanoes. 16:24 Because the subducting pre-flood ocean floor 16:27 slab sank below creation week rocks foundational to the North 16:31 American plate, these got pushed up too. 16:34 Examples being the granites and metamorphic rocks. 16:38 When all of the cold, dense, pre-flood oceanic floor 16:41 had been replaced with new warm, less dense, less subductible 16:45 oceanic crust, catastrophic plate motion 16:49 slowed down and eventually stopped. 16:52 The continental margins stopped getting dragged down 16:55 by the subducting slab, so it bobbed back up again. 16:59 The Rockies thus, rose higher. 17:03 This new ocean floor increased in density as it cooled. 17:07 It then began sinking, producing deeper ocean basins. 17:12 As the mountains were rising on the continents, 17:14 the ocean basins were sinking, and the flood waters 17:17 receded quickly. 17:19 It caused sheet and channelized erosion 17:22 planing off thousands of feet of sedimentary layers. 17:26 Much of the continental shelves today 17:28 are comprised of these eroded materials. 17:31 Even after the flood waters drained into the ocean basins, 17:35 there was a substantial period of gravitational readjustment 17:39 were local to regional catastrophes 17:41 with intense earthquake and volcanic activity were common. 17:48 Post-flood sedimentation did continue, and was rapid 17:52 at times, but was mainly contained 17:54 to small basins on the continents. 17:57 Huge geologic activity in the oceans during the flood 18:01 would have heated up the water worldwide. 18:04 This resulted in a significantly warmer climate just 18:07 after the flood. 18:09 Large storms dumped huge amounts of rain and snow 18:13 on the continents causing heavy erosion 18:15 and the quick development of the ice age towards the poles. 18:20 CPT simply takes the secular continental drift idea 18:24 and puts it in the context of the flood, which 18:27 lasted only a year. 18:29 The Rockies formed quickly during this time. 18:32 Even after the flood, they would have experienced more change, 18:36 but not as dramatic as the earth settled and erosion continued. 18:41 Some creation scientists argue that recent earthquakes 18:45 and geologic activity is still the settling down of the earth 18:49 from the events of the flood. 18:51 CPT is a great model for explaining 18:54 much of the geology we observe around the world today. 18:58 Based on Pellegrini's observations, 19:00 the CPT model is actually older and more accurate 19:04 than the secular model of slow continental drift. 19:08 When you take the biblical record as true history, 19:11 it makes much better sense of what we find in the evidence. 19:14 Science, it's awesome. 19:21 Back in 1785, James Hutton proposed that the earth 19:25 was immensely old. 19:27 Before that, many scientists believed the earth was young, 19:31 using the Bible as their guide. 19:34 Today, most geologists take Hutton's view for granted 19:38 and accept that the continents formed at least 2 and 1/2 19:42 billion years ago. 19:43 Once you take a closer look, many geological processes 19:47 indicate the continents are much younger. 19:50 One such process, which indicates a younger earth, 19:53 is the process of erosion. 19:55 You can measure the rate of erosion across the world. 19:59 Water is the main culprit. 20:03 With some parts of the world getting more rain than others, 20:06 the rate of erosion can vary drastically across the globe. 20:10 Using current rates, the average height reduction 20:13 for all the continents is about 2.4 inches per 1,000 years. 20:18 In the 2 and 1/2 billion years of supposed earth's 20:21 continental history, 93 miles of continent 20:25 would have eroded, which defies common sense on a planet where 20:29 the highest mountains are only a few miles above sea level. 20:33 At the current average rate, North America 20:36 would have been leveled in less than 10 million years. 20:40 Either the average rate of erosion 20:42 was much smaller in the past, the earth just isn't that old, 20:45 or the rate of erosion was much greater in the past, 20:48 and the earth is as young as the Bible indicates, 20:51 only 6,000 years. 20:54 To make matters worse, mountainous regions 20:57 with their steep slopes and deep valleys 20:59 erode fastest, at an average of 39 inches in reduction 21:03 every 1,000 years. 21:06 Some mountains in Papua New Guinea 21:08 have been measured to erode at 750 inches per 1,000 years. 21:13 There is also evidence that the earth was much more temperate 21:16 in the past. 21:18 Places that are now deserts, like the Sahara, 21:20 were once very wet. 21:23 In addition, an abundance of evidence in the fossil record 21:27 shows a much wetter climate in the past. 21:30 So if the earth were even hundreds of millions of years 21:33 old, the mountains should not exist. 21:39 Secular scientists say the process of erosion and mountain 21:43 building is ongoing, so that as the mountains are eroded, 21:46 they continue to uplift and build. 21:49 So the effect of erosion is not as noticeable. 21:53 Yes, uplift is occurring right now, 21:56 but there is a major problem with this option. 21:59 If current erosion rates are used, 22:01 we should not find any old sediments in the mountain 22:04 areas, yet we find sediments from all ages preserved even 22:09 on the highest peaks, such as Mt. 22:11 Everest. 22:13 But if we take the Bible literally, 22:15 asserting that there was a worldwide flood, which happened 22:18 in a year, then the rates of erosion 22:20 would have been off the charts and match much what 22:23 we find around the world. 22:26 The Bible says, by day 150 the entire earth 22:30 was covered in water. 22:32 In fact, the Bible states the highest peak from the earth 22:35 before the flood was covered by over 23 feet of water. 22:39 God's promise of destruction of man and animals was complete. 22:44 Only those on the ark could have survived. 22:47 Because many of the mountains today 22:49 show evidence of rising quickly during the flood, 22:52 the mountains before the flood were probably 22:54 much smaller and hard to compare to what we see today. 22:59 Some also question how the entire earth could 23:02 have been covered by water, but if every continent was 23:06 laid flat and the ocean basins were 23:08 filled in so that everything was level, 23:10 there is enough water to cover the entire earth up 23:14 to 1.7 miles. 23:16 That's about 9,000 feet. 23:19 Psalm 104, verse 8, tells us that during the flood, 23:23 the mountains rose and the ocean basins sank. 23:26 As already discussed, catastrophic plate tectonics 23:30 would have quickly push up mountains 23:32 and eroded them quickly. 23:34 Giant sheets of sediments thousands of feet 23:36 thick were eroded in just days to months 23:39 as the floodwaters retreated. 23:43 As you can tell by now, the flood 23:45 had a major impact on the earth we see today. 23:49 The Bible says the flood was God's judgment on sin 23:52 and rebellion back in the days of Noah. 23:55 With everything happening in our world today 23:58 and where man is headed, God promises another judgment 24:02 on man's rebellion and sin. 24:04 This time, by fire. 24:06 He loves his creation, but can't let it go on the way it is, 24:09 towards destruction. 24:11 But he promises, if we repent of our sin 24:14 and turn to his son, Jesus Christ, and trust in his death 24:18 on the cross as the payment for our sin, 24:21 then God will forgive us, and we will walk with him forever 24:25 in a new heaven and new earth. 24:27 If you have not done so already, we 24:30 encourage you to repent of your sin and turn to Jesus Christ 24:34 today. 24:35 Awesome Science is a video series produced by 24:40 Awesome Science Media produces many other great shows, 24:52 Ark Animals 24:57 We broadcast our episodes throughout the world 25:00 on television networks, TV stations, and online platforms. 25:05 We're making a difference by challenging the deceptive 25:08 evolutionary worldview, which directly opposes the Word of God 25:13 Our mission is to provide youth with a firm foundation 25:16 based on solid scientific evidence that supports their 25:20 Biblical worldview. We also want to encourage youth 25:23 to pursue the Truth, and maybe even make a career from their 25:27 interest in science and the Bible. 25:29 Thank you for watcing our shows. 25:32 Please keep up with us as we continue to build new content 25:35 which builds up your faith in the Word of God. 25:39 Thank you for watching this episode of Awesome Science, 25:41 and remember, science, it's awesome. 25:45 [music playing] |
Revised 2018-03-21